阻

阻	U+963B, 阻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-963B

← 阺
[U+963A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

阼 →
[U+963C]

Translingual

Han character

阻 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中月一 (NLBM), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿰阝且)

Derived characters

唨𪩁𫽖𨂀𬨱𦯓𪠭

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1347, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41593
Dae Jaweon: page 1849, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4121, character 1
Unihan data for U+963B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		阻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阻
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
虘	zaːl, zaː
蔖	zlaːl, sʰaːʔ
摣	rnaː, ʔsraː
袓	ʔsjaː, zaʔ
怚	ʔsjaː, ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝	*ʔsjaː
謯	ʔslja, ʔsraːʔ
姐	*ʔsjaːʔ
抯	ʔsljaːʔ, ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷	*ʔsjaːʔ
且	sʰjaːʔ, ʔsa
趄	sʰjaːs, sʰa
笡	*sʰjaːs
查	ʔsraː, zraː, *zraː
柤	*ʔsraː
樝	*ʔsraː
皻	*ʔsraː
渣	*ʔsraː
楂	*zraː
苴	zraː, ʔsa, ʔsaʔ, sʰa
駔	ʔslaːŋʔ, zaːʔ
租	*ʔsaː
蒩	ʔsaː, ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖	*ʔsaːʔ
組	*ʔsaːʔ
珇	*ʔsaːʔ
靻	*ʔsaːʔ
粗	sʰaː, zaːʔ
徂	*zaː
殂	*zaː
麆	zaːʔ, zras
伹	zaːʔ, sʰa
蛆	ʔsa, sʰa
沮	ʔsa, ʔsas, sʰa, zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀	ʔsaʔ, zaʔ
疽	*sʰa
雎	*sʰa
狙	sʰa, sʰas
岨	*sʰa
砠	*sʰa
坥	sʰa, sʰas
刞	*sʰas
覰	*sʰas
覷	*sʰas
跙	*zaʔ
筯	*das
菹	*ʔsra
葅	*ʔsra
阻	ʔsraʔ, ʔsras
俎	*ʔsraʔ
詛	ʔsraʔ, ʔsras
鉏	zra, zraʔ
豠	*zra
鋤	*zra
耡	zra, zras
齟	*zraʔ
助	*zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras): semantic 阝 + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǔ (zu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zo²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zo²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chú

(Hailu, HRS): zu^ˊ
Northern Min (KCR): cū
Eastern Min (BUC): cū
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zoe³ / ze³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): zo²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tsu / ³tsu / ³tsou / ³tsyu
- (Jinhua): ³tsu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǔ
  - Wade–Giles: tsu³
  - Yale: dzǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuu
  - Palladius: цзу (czu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zo²
  - Yale: jó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzo²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sᵘɔ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chú
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zoe³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cê̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sø⁴⁵³/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zoe³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zoe³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sø³³²/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ze³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zo²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsu
  - MiniDict: tsu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡su³⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ³tsu
  - MiniDict: tsu^上
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡su³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡su⁴²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡su⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡su³³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡su³²⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡su³⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³tsou
  - MiniDict: tsou^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡səu⁵¹/
- (Northern: Changzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³tsyu
  - MiniDict: tsyu^上
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ³tsu
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡su⁵³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsrjoX, tsrjoH

Rime
Character	阻	阻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	側吕切	莊助切
Baxter	tsrjoX	tsrjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨʌ^X/	/t͡ʃɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂiɔ^X/	/ʈ͡ʂiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiɔ^X/	/t͡ʃiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨə̆^X/	/ʈ͡ʂɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiɔ^X/	/t͡ʃiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭo^X/	/t͡ʃĭo^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯wo^X/	/ʈ͡ʂi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǔ	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zo²	zo³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]raʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraʔ/, /*ʔsras/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	阻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]raʔ/
English	filled with obstacles
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	阻	阻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10446	10450
Phonetic component	且	且
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		詛
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraʔ/	/*ʔsras/

Definitions

阻

(transitive or ditransitive) to impede, to hinder, to block, to obstruct
唔好阻住我。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
m⁴ hou² zo² zyu⁶ ngo⁵. [Jyutping]
Don't get in my way.
obstacle; barrier
險阻／险阻 ― xiǎnzǔ ― geographic obstacle

Compounds

不阻
串聯電阻 / 串联电阻
乖阻
修阻
全阻
勸阻 / 劝阻 (quànzǔ)
匹配阻抗
千推萬阻 / 千推万阻
受阻 (shòuzǔ)
嚇阻 / 吓阻 (hèzǔ)
困阻
圍阻體 / 围阻体
天阻
巖阻 / 岩阻
惡阻 / 恶阻
成阻
持阻
推三阻四 (tuīsānzǔsì)
推阻 (tuīzǔ)
攔阻 / 拦阻 (lánzǔ)
暢行無阻 / 畅行无阻 (chàngxíngwúzǔ)
暢通無阻 / 畅通无阻 (chàngtōngwúzǔ)
曲阻
有效電阻 / 有效电阻
梗阻 (gěngzǔ)
波浪阻力
無阻 / 无阻 (wúzǔ)
熱敏電阻 / 热敏电阻 (rèmǐn diànzǔ)
痰熱阻肺 / 痰热阻肺
禁阻
空氣阻力 / 空气阻力 (kōngqì zǔlì)
腸阻塞 / 肠阻塞 (chángzǔsè)
艱難險阻 / 艰难险阻 (jiānnánxiǎnzǔ)
訌阻 / 讧阻
諫阻 / 谏阻
負阻 / 负阻
通行無阻 / 通行无阻
遏阻 (èzǔ)
重阻
間阻 / 间阻
防阻
阪阻
阻修
阻力 (zǔlì)
阻塞
阻截
阻抗 (zǔkàng)
阻援
阻撓 / 阻挠 (zǔnáo)
阻擊 / 阻击 (zǔjī)
阻擋 / 阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
阻擾 / 阻扰 (zǔrǎo)
阻攔 / 阻拦 (zǔlán)
阻斷 / 阻断 (zǔduàn)
阻梗
阻止 (zǔzhǐ)
阻深
阻滯 / 阻滞 (zǔzhì)
阻生齒 / 阻生齿
阻礙 / 阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
阻絕 / 阻绝
阻街女郎
阻遏 (zǔ'è)
阻隔 (zǔgé)
阻隘
阻險 / 阻险
阻難 / 阻难 (zǔnàn)
限阻
除阻 (chúzǔ)
險阻 / 险阻 (xiǎnzǔ)
險阻艱難 / 险阻艰难
電阻 / 电阻 (diànzǔ)
風阻 / 风阻 (fēngzǔ)
風雨無阻 / 风雨无阻

References

“阻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “阻”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 139.

Japanese

Kanji

阻

(Jōyō kanji)

to block, thwart
steep

Readings

Go-on: しょ (sho)
Kan-on: そ (so, Jōyō)
Kun: はばむ (habamu, 阻む, Jōyō)、けわしい (kewashii, 阻しい)、へだてる (hedateru, 阻てる)

Compounds

阻碍(そがい) (sogai)
阻止(そし) (soshi)
阻喪(そそう) (sosō)
険阻(けんそ) (kenso)

Korean

Hanja

阻 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

阻: Hán Nôm readings: trở

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.