飛行機
See also: 飞行机
Chinese
to fly; to be in flight | machine; opportunity; secret | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (飛行機) | 飛行 | 機 | |
simp. (飞行机) | 飞行 | 机 | |
alternative forms | 飛龍機/飞龙机 (-lêng-; -nn̄g-) Hokkien 飛凌機/飞凌机 (-lêng-; -nn̄g-) Hokkien |
Etymology
Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 飛行機 (hikōki).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fei1 hang4 gei1
- Hakka
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoe-lêng-ki / hui-hêng-ki / poe-lêng-ki / hui-lêng-ki / hoe-nn̄g-ki
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fēixíngjī
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: feisíngji
- Wade–Giles: fei1-hsing2-chi1
- Yale: fēi-syíng-jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feishyngji
- Palladius: фэйсинцзи (fɛjsinczi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fei1 hang4 gei1
- Yale: fēi hàhng gēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: fei1 hang4 gei1
- Guangdong Romanization: féi1 heng4 géi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fei̯⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹ kei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî-hàng-kî / pî-hàng-kî / hì-kho-khí
- Hakka Romanization System: fiˊ hangˇ giˊ / biˊ hangˇ giˊ / hiˇ ko kiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fi1 hang2 gi1 / bi1 hang2 gi1 / hi2 ko4 ki3
- Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴ haŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /pi²⁴ haŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /hi¹¹ kʰo⁵⁵ kʰi³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fî-hàng-kî / fî-yàng-kî / pî-yàng-kî / hì-kho-khí
- Hakka Romanization System: fiˊ hangˇ giˊ / fiˊ (r)iangˇ giˊ / biˊ (r)iangˇ giˊ / hiˇ ko kiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fi1 hang2 gi1 / fi1 yang2 gi1 / bi1 yang2 gi1 / hi2 ko4 ki3
- Sinological IPA: /fi²⁴ haŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /fi²⁴ (j)i̯aŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /pi²⁴ (j)i̯aŋ¹¹ ki²⁴/, /hi¹¹ kʰo⁵⁵ kʰi³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: fuiˋ hang giˋ
- Sinological IPA: /fui⁵³ haŋ⁵⁵ ki⁵³/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note: hì-kho-khí - from Japanese pronunciation.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoe-lêng-ki
- Tâi-lô: hue-lîng-ki
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoelengky
- IPA (Taipei): /hue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Lukang, Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-hêng-ki
- Tâi-lô: hui-hîng-ki
- Phofsit Daibuun: hui'hengky
- IPA (Lukang): /hui³³ hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ki³³/
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poe-lêng-ki
- Tâi-lô: pue-lîng-ki
- Phofsit Daibuun: poelengky
- IPA (Tainan): /pue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui-lêng-ki
- Tâi-lô: hui-lîng-ki
- Phofsit Daibuun: huilengky
- IPA (Yilan): /hui⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoe-nn̄g-ki
- Tâi-lô: hue-nn̄g-ki
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoenngxky
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung)
Noun
飛行機
- (Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, dated in Mandarin) airplane; aeroplane (Classifier: 隻/只 mn)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 飛機 (“airplane”) [map]
Further reading
Japanese
Kanji in this term | ||
---|---|---|
飛 | 行 | 機 |
ひ Grade: 4 |
こう Grade: 2 |
き Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
飛行器 (obsolete) |
Etymology
First attested in 1908, cited from the 万朝報 (Yorozu Chōho) serial in its October 3 issue.[1]
From 飛行 (hikō, “flying, flight”) + 機 (-ki, “machine”), a calque of English flying machine.
Pronunciation
Noun
飛行機 • (hikōki) ←ひかうき (fikauki)? (counter 機)
- an airplane, aeroplane
- (obsolete) clipping of 空中飛行機 (kūchū hikōki): a flying machine
- 1904, Ryōichi Yazu, Hayakuri jisho [Quick Reference Kanji Dictionary], page 3:
- 鳥は輕ひ瓦斯にて浮んで居るのではないと云ふことに心付いて、空氣の抵抗力を利用して空中に浮び、而して飛行せんとする所の飛行機 Flying machine を發明せんと企てた所の人士も古來少くありません。
- Tori wa karui gasu ni te ukande iru no de wa nai to iu koto ni kokorozuite, kūki no teikōryoku o riyō shite kūchū ni ukabi, shikashite hikō sen to suru tokoro no hikōki (furaingu mashin) o hatsumei sen to kuwadateta tokoro no jinshi mo korai sukunaku arimasen.
- There is no shortage of people from ancient times who, after realising that birds do not float upon a light gas, have plotted to invent flying machines that fly by floating in the air by using air resistance.
- 鳥は輕ひ瓦斯にて浮んで居るのではないと云ふことに心付いて、空氣の抵抗力を利用して空中に浮び、而して飛行せんとする所の飛行機 Flying machine を發明せんと企てた所の人士も古來少くありません。
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Amis: hikoki
- → Atayal: hikoki'
- Hakka: → 飛行機 / 飞行机 (hì-kho-khí), → 飛行機 / 飞行机 (fî-hàng-kî / pî-hàng-kî / fî-yàng-kî / pî-yàng-kî)
- → Hokkien: 飛行機 / 飞行机 (hoe-lêng-ki / hui-hêng-ki / poe-lêng-ki / hui-lêng-ki / hoe-nn̄g-ki)
- → Kanakanabu: hikoki
- → Korean: 비행기(飛行機) (bihaenggi)
- → Mandarin: 飛行機 / 飞行机 (fēixíngjī)
- → Paiwan: hikuki
- → Puyuma: hikuki
- → Sakizaya: hikuki
- → Tsou: hikoki
- → Yami: sikoki
See also
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | ||
---|---|---|
飛 | 行 | 機 |
Noun
飛行機 • (bihaenggi) (hangeul 비행기)
Yonaguni
Kanji in this term | ||
---|---|---|
飛 | 行 | 機 |
Grade: 4 | Grade: 2 | Grade: 4 |
Etymology
Borrowed from Japanese 飛行機 (hikōki).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [çiɡuŋ̍kʲi]
Noun
飛行機 or 飛行機 (higunki or chikōki)