Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

    *bʰeh₂- (imperfective)[1][2][3]

    1. to shine, glow light
      Synonyms: *bʰleyǵ-, *ḱweyt-, *keyt-
    3. to appear, be visible

    Extensions

    • *bʰeh₂-u-
      • *bʰh₂-w-e-ti
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáwō
          • Ancient Greek: φαῦω (phaûō), φάω (pháō)
      • *bʰeh₂-w-eh₁-ye-ti?
        • Proto-Italic: *fāwēō?
      • *bʰh₂-we-dʰe-ti
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰawétʰō
      • *bʰi-bʰh₂-u-sḱéti
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pipʰáwskō
          • Ancient Greek: πιφαύσκω (piphaúskō)
      • *bʰéh₂-w-os ~ *bʰéh₂-w-es-
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáwos
          • Ancient Greek: φαῦος (phaûos), φάος (pháos)
      • *bʰh₂-w-es-no-
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰawehnós
          • Ancient Greek: φάεννος (pháennos), φαεινός (phaeinós), φαείνω (phaeínō)
      • *bʰéh₂-u-ti-
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰáwtis
          • Ancient Greek: φαῦσις (phaûsis)

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (shine) (44 c, 0 e)
    • *bʰéh₂-ti ~ *bʰh₂-énti (athematic root present)
      • Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: φάντα (phánta, “shining”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHti (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰh₂-n-yé-ti (innovative nasal-infix zero-grade ye-present)
    • *bʰéh₂-ti-s ~ *bʰh₂-téy-s
      • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰátis
        • Ancient Greek: φάσις (phásis), φάτις (phátis) (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰéh₂-os ~ *bʰéh₂-es-os
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHas (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *βās
        • ⇒ *dju-βās (< *dyew-bʰéh₂-os)
          • Latin: iubar (“celestial light, splendor”)
    • *bʰóh₂-mo-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHmas (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰeh₂-no-s[5]
      • Proto-Celtic: *bānos (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *bōnaz
        • Proto-West Germanic: *bōn (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHnas
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáHnas
        • Proto-Iranian: *báHnah
          • Ossetian: бон (bon, “day”)
          • Sarikoli: [script needed] (vuyn, “light, radiance”)
          • Wakhi: [script needed] (voyn, “fire, light”)
    • *bʰeh₂-nú-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaHnúš (see there for further descendants)
    • Unsorted formations:

    Root

      *bʰeh₂- (imperfective)[6][7]

      1. to speak
        Synonyms: *mlewH-, *h₂wedH-, *ter-, *yek-
      2. to say
        Synonyms: *gʷet-, *Hedʰ-, *h₂eǵ-, *sekʷ-, *wekʷ-, *werh₁-, *weth₂-

      Derived terms

      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak) (64 c, 0 e)
      • *bʰéh₂-ti ~ *bʰh₂-énti (athematic root present)
      • *bʰn̥h₂-é-ti (innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade thematic present)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰánati
          • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰánati
            • Vedic Sanskrit: भनति (bhánati) (see there for further descendants)
      • *bʰh₂-néw-ti ~ *bʰh₂-n̥w-énti (innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present)
        • Proto-Germanic: *bannaną (see there for further descendants)
      • *bʰéh₂-meh₂
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰā́mā
        • Proto-Italic: *fāmā
          • Latin: fāma (“fame”)
      • *bʰéh₂-os ~ *bʰéh₂-es-os
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáHšaH (or from *bʰels-)
        • Proto-Italic: *fās
      • *bʰoh₂-néh₂
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰōnā́
          • Ancient Greek: φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”)
      • *bʰeh₂-mi-s
      • *bʰeh₂-mn̥
      • *bʰeh₂-ni-s
        • Old Armenian: բան (ban),
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāˀnis
          • Proto-Slavic: *basnь (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Germanic: *bōniz (see there for further descendants)
      • *bʰh₂-sḱéti
      • *bʰéh₂-ti-s ~ *bʰh₂-téy-s[8]
        • Armenian:
        • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰátis
          • Ancient Greek: φάσις (phásis), φάτις (phátis)
      • *bʰh₂-tó-s
      • *bʰéh₂-tu-s ~ *bʰh₂-téw-s
        • Proto-Italic: *fātus
        • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *Fatowos
          • Latin: Fatuus (divine name), fatuus (“silly, foolish”)
          • Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌄𐌝𐌔 (fatuveís, gen. sg.), fατοϝε (fatowe, voc. sg.)
          • → Etruscan: (borrowed from an Italic language) 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌔 (fatuvs)
      • *bʰeh₂-dʰli-
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāˀdlis
      • Unsorted formations:
        • Armenian:
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāˀjakāˀ

      References

      1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā-, bhō-, bhə”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 104-105
      2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 68-69
      3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*baH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
      4. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bëj ~ bâj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 22
      5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bāno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
      6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 105-106
      7. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 69-70
      8. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 165
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