cen

Unknown. Meyer initially derived it from Latin signum (“sign”) but he withdrew from the idea later, due to the fact that signum has given shenjë in Albanian. Also, any relation to Italian segno (proposed by Kristoforidhi) falls as s- from Italian has not given c- in Albanian. Mann related it to Greek πένομαι (pénomai, “to weave, spin”) and πόνος (pónos, “pain”), but in addition to the distant meanings, the Greek words come from a PIE *(s)p- root which cannot give starting c- in Albanian. Also, the roots *kṷenos and *kṷenā that he proposes would have given a starting s- in Albanian, not c-.

Çabej states that the main problem is that the original concrete meaning, before the abstracts of nowadays were formed, has diminished. Few survivors in dialects are cenakuq (“European robin; red-spotted warbler”) and cen as adjective (picky eater), which lead to the original meaning related to spot, mark, patch.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɛn/
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: cen

cen m

1. physical defect, blemish
2. flaw, vice, bad habit
3. (regional) bad action, dislikable endeavor (used in Dangëlli region)^[2]

cen (feminine cene)

1. (regional) picky eater

   Synonyms: cenak, qibar, buzëhollë

   Djalin e kam cen ― My son is a picky eater.

• cenoj
  • cenim
• cenos
  • cenosje
• cenak
• cenakuq
• centë
• cënorë

• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1], 1980
• “cen”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• Newmark, L. (1999) “cen”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎^[2]

• cento (combining form only)

From Old Galician-Portuguese cen, from cento, from Latin centum, from Proto-Italic *kentom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

• Rhymes: -ɛŋ
• Hyphenation: cen

cen (indeclinable)

1. one hundred; 100

The indeclinable form cen means "one hundred" only. To say "one hundred one", the combining form cento is used, as cento un or cento unha. Likewise, "one hundred thirty" is cento trinta, and "one hundred fifty-four" is cento cincuenta e catro.

• douscentos (“two hundred”)
• trescentos (“three hundred”)
• quiñentos (“five hundred”)
• setecentos (“seven hundred”)

• “cen”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• "cen", in Dicionario de pronuncia da lingua galega.

cen

1. nonstandard spelling of cēn
2. nonstandard spelling of cén

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

From Proto-West Germanic *kēn.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃeːn/

ċēn m

1. (poetic) torch
2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚳ (k or tʃ)
   • The Old English rune poem

     ᚳ byþ cwicera ġehwām, cūþ on fȳre...

     Torch is by the living seen ablaze...

Strong a-stem:

• (torch): blæse, brand, blysa, fæcele, þæċele

From Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“this, here”); compare Breton ken (“otherwise”).

• IPA^(key): /kʲen/

cen (governs the accusative; triggers lenition)

1. except
2. without
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20^d4

     Cía ru·bé cen ní diib, ní·rubai cenaib huli.

     Though he might be without some of them, he could not be without all of them.

3. not to (followed by a verbal noun)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9^c20

     cid atob·aich cen dílgud cech ancridi do·gnethe frib, et ní bethe fria acre

     what impels you pl not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you, and that you should not be about to sue [because of] it?

• Irish: gan
• Manx: gyn
• Scottish Gaelic: gun

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, §§ 434, 827, pages 273, 501; reprinted 2017

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: cen

cen f

1. genitive plural of cena

Borrowed from English change.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃen/

cen (nominative plural cens)

1. change, transition, turn

• yelacen (“turn of the year”)

From Middle Welsh kenn (“skin, hide”), from Proto-Brythonic *kenn, from Proto-Celtic *kennos (“skin”) (compare Cornish kenn (“film, skin (on liquid); peel”), Breton kenn (“scurf, dandruff”), Old Irish cenn (“covering”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (“to split off”) (compare German schinden (“to strip, peel; skin”)); further to Cornish skans (“fish scales”), Breton skant (“fish scales”), Irish scáin (“to tear, burst”).

• IPA^(key): /kɛn/
• Rhymes: -ɛn

cen m (plural cennau)

1. (dermatology) scurf, dandruff

   Synonyms: marwdon, sgrwff

2. (biology) scale (on fish, bud)

   Synonym: cennyn

3. (chemistry) scale, scurf, fur (in pipe, boiler, furnace, kettle)

   Synonym: calch

4. (mycology) lichen

   Synonym: cramen y cerrig

5. (dental hygiene) tartar

   Synonyms: deintgen, grutgen

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies