Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-chesha (infinitive kuchesha)
- Causative form of -cha: to scare
- (obsolete) Causative form of -cheka: to make someone laugh
- Synonym: -chekesha
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -chesha
|
| Positive present
|
-nachesha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-cheshe
|
| Negative
|
-cheshi
|
| Imperative singular
|
chesha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
chesha
|
| Plural
|
chesheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huchesha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lichesha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuchesha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninachesha/nachesha
|
tunachesha
|
| 2nd person
|
unachesha
|
mnachesha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anachesha
|
wanachesha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nachesha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -cheshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sicheshi
|
hatucheshi
|
| 2nd person
|
hucheshi
|
hamcheshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hacheshi
|
hawacheshi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -cheshi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tachesha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tachesha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -cheshe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nicheshe
|
tucheshe
|
| 2nd person
|
ucheshe
|
mcheshe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
acheshe
|
wacheshe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -cheshe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sicheshe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngechesha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singechesha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalichesha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalichesha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nachesha
|
twachesha
|
| 2nd person
|
wachesha
|
mwachesha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achesha
|
wachesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wachesha
|
yachesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lachesha
|
yachesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chachesha
|
vyachesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yachesha
|
zachesha
|
| u(XI)
|
wachesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwachesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pachesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwachesha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mechesha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshachesha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jachesha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kichesha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipochesha
|
| Consecutive
|
kachesha / positive subject concord + -kachesha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kacheshe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nichesha
|
-tuchesha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuchesha
|
-wachesha/-kuchesheni/-wachesheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mchesha
|
-wachesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uchesha
|
-ichesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lichesha
|
-yachesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kichesha
|
-vichesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ichesha
|
-zichesha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uchesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuchesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pachesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muchesha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jichesha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chesha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-cheshaye
|
-cheshao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-cheshao
|
-cheshayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-cheshalo
|
-cheshayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-cheshacho
|
-cheshavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-cheshayo
|
-cheshazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-cheshao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-cheshako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-cheshapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-cheshamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yechesha
|
-ochesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ochesha
|
-yochesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lochesha
|
-yochesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chochesha
|
-vyochesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yochesha
|
-zochesha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ochesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kochesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pochesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mochesha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms