Bondei
Etymology
From Swahili chuma.
Noun
chuma
- iron
Chichewa
Etymology
A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).
Pronunciation
Noun
chumá class 7
- wealth
Irish
Pronunciation
Adjective
chuma
- lenited form of cuma
Meru
Etymology
From Swahili chuma.
Noun
chuma
- iron
Mwani
Etymology
From Swahili chuma.
Noun
chuma class 7 (plural vyuma)
- iron
- ironware
Shona
Etymology
A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).
Noun
chumá class 7
- bead(s)
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃuma/ [ˈt͡ʃu.ma]
- Rhymes: -uma
- Syllabification: chu‧ma
Adjective
chuma f sg
- feminine singular of chumo
Swahili
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀jʊ́mà.
Noun
chuma class VII (plural vyuma class VIII)
- iron
- Synonym: hadidi
- ironware (something made of iron)
- (slang) girlfriend
Descendants
References
- Klein-Arendt, Reinhard (2000) “The Iron Crafts of the Swahili from the Perspective of Historical Semantics”, in Swahili Forum[1], volume 7, pages 153–204
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Verb
-chuma (infinitive kuchuma)
- to gather, collect
- to earn
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -chuma
|
| Positive present
|
-nachuma
|
| Subjunctive
|
-chume
|
| Negative
|
-chumi
|
| Imperative singular
|
chuma
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuchuma
|
| Negative
|
kutochuma
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
chuma
|
| Plural
|
chumeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huchuma
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lichuma
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuchuma
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachuma)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninachuma/nachuma
|
tunachuma
|
| 2nd person
|
unachuma
|
mnachuma
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anachuma
|
wanachuma
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nachuma
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -chumi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sichumi
|
hatuchumi
|
| 2nd person
|
huchumi
|
hamchumi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hachumi
|
hawachumi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -chumi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tachuma
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tachuma
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chume)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nichume
|
tuchume
|
| 2nd person
|
uchume
|
mchume
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achume
|
wachume
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -chume
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sichume
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngechuma
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singechuma
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalichuma
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalichuma
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achuma)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nachuma
|
twachuma
|
| 2nd person
|
wachuma
|
mwachuma
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
achuma
|
wachuma
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wachuma
|
yachuma
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lachuma
|
yachuma
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chachuma
|
vyachuma
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yachuma
|
zachuma
|
| u(XI)
|
wachuma
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwachuma
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pachuma
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwachuma
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mechuma
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshachuma
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jachuma
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kichuma
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipochuma
|
| Consecutive
|
kachuma / positive subject concord + -kachuma
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kachume
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nichuma
|
-tuchuma
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuchuma
|
-wachuma/-kuchumeni/-wachumeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mchuma
|
-wachuma
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uchuma
|
-ichuma
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lichuma
|
-yachuma
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kichuma
|
-vichuma
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ichuma
|
-zichuma
|
| u(XI)
|
-uchuma
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuchuma
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pachuma
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muchuma
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jichuma
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chuma- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-chumaye
|
-chumao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-chumao
|
-chumayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-chumalo
|
-chumayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chumacho
|
-chumavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-chumayo
|
-chumazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-chumao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-chumako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-chumapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-chumamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chuma)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yechuma
|
-ochuma
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ochuma
|
-yochuma
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lochuma
|
-yochuma
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chochuma
|
-vyochuma
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yochuma
|
-zochuma
|
| u(XI)
|
-ochuma
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kochuma
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pochuma
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mochuma
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Xhosa
Verb
-chuma?
- flourish
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zimba
Etymology
From Swahili chuma.
Noun
chuma
- iron (chemical element)