Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَهَرَ (ẓahara).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-dhihiri (infinitive kudhihiri)
- to make clear
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhihiri
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhihiri
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhihiri
|
| Negative
|
-dhihiri
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhihiri
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhihiri
|
| Plural
|
dhihirini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhihiri
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhihiri
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhihiri
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhihiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhihiri/nadhihiri
|
tunadhihiri
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhihiri
|
mnadhihiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhihiri
|
wanadhihiri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhihiri
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhihiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhihiri
|
hatudhihiri
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhihiri
|
hamdhihiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhihiri
|
hawadhihiri
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhihiri
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhihiri
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhihiri
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhihiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhihiri
|
tudhihiri
|
| 2nd person
|
udhihiri
|
mdhihiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhihiri
|
wadhihiri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhihiri
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhihiri
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhihiri
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhihiri
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhihiri
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhihiri
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhihiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhihiri
|
twadhihiri
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhihiri
|
mwadhihiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhihiri
|
wadhihiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhihiri
|
yadhihiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhihiri
|
yadhihiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhihiri
|
vyadhihiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhihiri
|
zadhihiri
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhihiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhihiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhihiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhihiri
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhihiri
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhihiri
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhihiri
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhihiri
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhihiri
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhihiri / positive subject concord + -kadhihiri
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhihiri
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhihiri
|
-tudhihiri
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhihiri
|
-wadhihiri/-kudhihirini/-wadhihirini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhihiri
|
-wadhihiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhihiri
|
-idhihiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhihiri
|
-yadhihiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhihiri
|
-vidhihiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhihiri
|
-zidhihiri
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhihiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhihiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhihiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhihiri
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhihiri
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhihiri- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhihiriye
|
-dhihirio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhihirio
|
-dhihiriyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhihirilo
|
-dhihiriyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhihiricho
|
-dhihirivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhihiriyo
|
-dhihirizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhihirio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhihiriko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhihiripo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhihirimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhihiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhihiri
|
-odhihiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhihiri
|
-yodhihiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhihiri
|
-yodhihiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhihiri
|
-vyodhihiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhihiri
|
-zodhihiri
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhihiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhihiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhihiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhihiri
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197 Nr. 1764