Gamilaraay
Pronunciation
Noun
dhuru
- snake
References
- Dhiirrala Gamilaraay Yuwaalaraay Language Program St Joseph School Po Box 125 Walgett NSW 2368 Australia
- (2003) Gamilaraay Yuwaalaraay Yuwaalayaay Dictionary
- (2015) Ma Gamilaraay
- (2016) Gamilaraay Garay yaadhagu
Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ضَرَّ (ḍarra).
Pronunciation
Verb
-dhuru (infinitive kudhuru)
- to hurt, to injure, to damage, to harm
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dhuru
|
| Positive present
|
-nadhuru
|
| Subjunctive
|
-dhuru
|
| Negative
|
-dhuru
|
| Imperative singular
|
dhuru
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kudhuru
|
| Negative
|
kutodhuru
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
dhuru
|
| Plural
|
dhuruni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudhuru
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidhuru
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudhuru
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadhuru/nadhuru
|
tunadhuru
|
| 2nd person
|
unadhuru
|
mnadhuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadhuru
|
wanadhuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadhuru
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidhuru
|
hatudhuru
|
| 2nd person
|
hudhuru
|
hamdhuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadhuru
|
hawadhuru
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -dhuru
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadhuru
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadhuru
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidhuru
|
tudhuru
|
| 2nd person
|
udhuru
|
mdhuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhuru
|
wadhuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -dhuru
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidhuru
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedhuru
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedhuru
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidhuru
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidhuru
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadhuru
|
twadhuru
|
| 2nd person
|
wadhuru
|
mwadhuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adhuru
|
wadhuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadhuru
|
yadhuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladhuru
|
yadhuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadhuru
|
vyadhuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadhuru
|
zadhuru
|
| u(XI)
|
wadhuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadhuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padhuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadhuru
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medhuru
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadhuru
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadhuru
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidhuru
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodhuru
|
| Consecutive
|
kadhuru / positive subject concord + -kadhuru
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadhuru
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nidhuru
|
-tudhuru
|
| 2nd person
|
-kudhuru
|
-wadhuru/-kudhuruni/-wadhuruni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mdhuru
|
-wadhuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-udhuru
|
-idhuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lidhuru
|
-yadhuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kidhuru
|
-vidhuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-idhuru
|
-zidhuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-udhuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kudhuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-padhuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mudhuru
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jidhuru
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhuru- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-dhuruye
|
-dhuruo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-dhuruo
|
-dhuruyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-dhurulo
|
-dhuruyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-dhurucho
|
-dhuruvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-dhuruyo
|
-dhuruzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-dhuruo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-dhuruko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-dhurupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-dhurumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedhuru
|
-odhuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odhuru
|
-yodhuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodhuru
|
-yodhuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodhuru
|
-vyodhuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodhuru
|
-zodhuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-odhuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodhuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podhuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modhuru
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- dhara (“harm, loss, injury”)