Swahili
Etymology
From habari (“news”) + -isha (causative affix).
Verb
-habarisha (infinitive kuhabarisha)
- Causative form of habari: to inform, to notify
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -habarisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nahabarisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-habarishe
|
| Negative
|
-habarishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
habarisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
habarisha
|
| Plural
|
habarisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhabarisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihabarisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhabarisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahabarisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahabarisha/nahabarisha
|
tunahabarisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unahabarisha
|
mnahabarisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahabarisha
|
wanahabarisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahabarisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -habarishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihabarishi
|
hatuhabarishi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhabarishi
|
hamhabarishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahabarishi
|
hawahabarishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -habarishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahabarisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahabarisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -habarishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihabarishe
|
tuhabarishe
|
| 2nd person
|
uhabarishe
|
mhabarishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahabarishe
|
wahabarishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -habarishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihabarishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehabarisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehabarisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihabarisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihabarisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahabarisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahabarisha
|
twahabarisha
|
| 2nd person
|
wahabarisha
|
mwahabarisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahabarisha
|
wahabarisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahabarisha
|
yahabarisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahabarisha
|
yahabarisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahabarisha
|
vyahabarisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahabarisha
|
zahabarisha
|
| u(XI)
|
wahabarisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahabarisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahabarisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahabarisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehabarisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahabarisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahabarisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihabarisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohabarisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kahabarisha / positive subject concord + -kahabarisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahabarishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihabarisha
|
-tuhabarisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhabarisha
|
-wahabarisha/-kuhabarisheni/-wahabarisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhabarisha
|
-wahabarisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhabarisha
|
-ihabarisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihabarisha
|
-yahabarisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihabarisha
|
-vihabarisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihabarisha
|
-zihabarisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhabarisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhabarisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahabarisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhabarisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihabarisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -habarisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-habarishaye
|
-habarishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-habarishao
|
-habarishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-habarishalo
|
-habarishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-habarishacho
|
-habarishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-habarishayo
|
-habarishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-habarishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-habarishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-habarishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-habarishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -habarisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehabarisha
|
-ohabarisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohabarisha
|
-yohabarisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohabarisha
|
-yohabarisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohabarisha
|
-vyohabarisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohabarisha
|
-zohabarisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohabarisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohabarisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohabarisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohabarisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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