haereo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *haizēō, the root of which is unknown: traditionally conjectured to be from Proto-Indo-European *gʰays- (“to adhere, to stick, to be fixed”) and cognate with Latvian gaist (“to dissipate”), Lithuanian gai̇̃šti (“to linger, be slow”),[1] though this root is problematic due to the presence of *a, the unclear morphology, and the semantic gap between purported cognates.[2]

The origin of the supine and past participle is unknown; the Proto-Italic ancestor has the supine *haistum, which would have yielded *haestum in Latin. This would also mean that the theoretical past participle of *haizēō would have been *haistos, which would yield *haestus instead of haesus for Latin haerēre.

Pronunciation

Verb

haereō (present infinitive haerēre, perfect active haesī, supine haesum); second conjugation, no passive

  1. to stick, stick fast; cling; cleave; adhere; hang, hang on or to; hold fast, be fastened; hang on; be caught; take root
    Synonym: inhaereō
    Nē hāc rē haereāmus in praesentī.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.72-73:
      [...] illa fugā silvās saltūsque peragrat
      Dictaeōs; haeret laterī lētālis harundō.
      [The wounded deer] wanders in flight the forests and glades of Mount Dicte; [still] sticking in her side [is] the lethal reed.
      (The love-struck Dido who wanders Carthage is compared to an arrow-struck deer.)
  2. to keep close (to), attach oneself (to), follow; pursue
  3. to remain fixed, abide, keep at, continue, persist
    Synonyms: sistō, stō, cōnstō, cōnsistō, remaneō, maneō
  4. to be brought to a standstill, to be suspended
    Synonym: pendeo
  5. to be stuck in a situation; to be at a loss; to be embarrassed; hesitate

Conjugation

   Conjugation of haereō (second conjugation, third person-only in the passive)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present haereō haerēs haeret haerēmus haerētis haerent
imperfect haerēbam haerēbās haerēbat haerēbāmus haerēbātis haerēbant
future haerēbō haerēbis haerēbit haerēbimus haerēbitis haerēbunt
perfect haesī haesistī haesit haesimus haesistis haesērunt,
haesēre
pluperfect haeseram haeserās haeserat haeserāmus haeserātis haeserant
future perfect haeserō haeseris haeserit haeserimus haeseritis haeserint
passive present — — haerētur — — haerentur
imperfect — — haerēbātur — — haerēbantur
future — — haerēbitur — — haerēbuntur
perfect — — haesum est — — haesa sunt
pluperfect — — haesum erat — — haesa erant
future perfect — — haesum erit — — haesa erint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present haeream haereās haereat haereāmus haereātis haereant
imperfect haerērem haerērēs haerēret haerērēmus haerērētis haerērent
perfect haeserim haeserīs haeserit haeserīmus haeserītis haeserint
pluperfect haesissem haesissēs haesisset haesissēmus haesissētis haesissent
passive present — — haereātur — — haereantur
imperfect — — haerērētur — — haerērentur
perfect — — haesum sit — — haesa sint
pluperfect — — haesum esset — — haesa essent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — haerē — — haerēte —
future — haerētō haerētō — haerētōte haerentō
passive future — — haerētor — — haerentor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present haerēre haerērī haerēns —
future haesūrum esse haesum īrī haesūrus haerendum
perfect haesisse haesum esse — haesum
future perfect — haesum fore — —
perfect potential haesūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
haerendī haerendō haerendum haerendō haesum haesū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old French: erdre
    • Middle French: herdre (dialectal)

References

  • “haereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “haereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • haereo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to sit a horse well; to have a good seat: (in) equo haerere
    • nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: semper memoria eius in (omnium) mentibus haerebit
    • a thing is deeply impressed on the mind: aliquid in animo haeret, penitus insedit or infixum est
    • to stop short, hesitate: haerere, haesitare (Catil. 2. 6. 13)
    • grief has struck deep into his soul: dolor infixus animo haeret (Phil. 2. 26)
  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ghais-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 410
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “haereō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
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