Swahili
Etymology
From -hama (“to move, to emigrate”) + -ia (conversive).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-hamia (infinitive kuhamia)
- to move to, to immigrate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hamia
|
| Positive present
|
-nahamia
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hamie
|
| Negative
|
-hamii
|
| Imperative singular
|
hamia
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuhamia
|
| Negative
|
kutohamia
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hamia
|
| Plural
|
hamieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhamia
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihamia
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhamia
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahamia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahamia/nahamia
|
tunahamia
|
| 2nd person
|
unahamia
|
mnahamia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahamia
|
wanahamia
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahamia
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hamii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihamii
|
hatuhamii
|
| 2nd person
|
huhamii
|
hamhamii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahamii
|
hawahamii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hamii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahamia
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahamia
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hamie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihamie
|
tuhamie
|
| 2nd person
|
uhamie
|
mhamie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahamie
|
wahamie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hamie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihamie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehamia
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehamia
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihamia
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihamia
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahamia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahamia
|
twahamia
|
| 2nd person
|
wahamia
|
mwahamia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahamia
|
wahamia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahamia
|
yahamia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahamia
|
yahamia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahamia
|
vyahamia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahamia
|
zahamia
|
| u(XI)
|
wahamia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahamia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahamia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahamia
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehamia
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahamia
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahamia
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihamia
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohamia
|
| Consecutive
|
kahamia / positive subject concord + -kahamia
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahamie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihamia
|
-tuhamia
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhamia
|
-wahamia/-kuhamieni/-wahamieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhamia
|
-wahamia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhamia
|
-ihamia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihamia
|
-yahamia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihamia
|
-vihamia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihamia
|
-zihamia
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhamia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhamia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahamia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhamia
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihamia
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hamia- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hamiaye
|
-hamiao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hamiao
|
-hamiayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hamialo
|
-hamiayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hamiacho
|
-hamiavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hamiayo
|
-hamiazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hamiao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hamiako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hamiapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hamiamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hamia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehamia
|
-ohamia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohamia
|
-yohamia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohamia
|
-yohamia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohamia
|
-vyohamia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohamia
|
-zohamia
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohamia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohamia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohamia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohamia
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (2002) “Verbal extensions in Bantu (the case of Swahili and Nyamwezi)”, in Africa & Asia[1], volume 2, →ISSN, archived from the original on 11 December 2009, 3.2.4, page 11 of 4-26.