-ia

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia), which form abstract nouns of feminine gender.

-ia f (taxonomy)

1. Used to form taxonomic names, especially to form genus names when appended to the name of a person, usually a scientist or a patron.

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia), which form abstract nouns of feminine gender.

-ia

1. Used in forming names of countries, diseases, flowers, and rarely collections of things (such as militaria, deletia).

• (collections of things): -ana, -ica

• -ian

From the endings of corresponding Latin and Ancient Greek plural nouns.

-ia

1. Used in forming plurals of nouns in -ium and -ion.

• A-I, AI, Ai, a.i., ai

-ia f (noun)

1. forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood

   ‎covard (“coward”) + ‎-ia → ‎covardia (“cowardice”)

2. forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship

   ‎comptador (“accountant”) + ‎-ia → ‎comptadoria (“accounting”)

3. forms placenames; -y; -ia

   ‎occità (“Occitan”) + ‎-ia → ‎Occitània (“Occitania”)

• “-ia”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “-ia” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

From Proto-Finnic *-idak, from Proto-Uralic *-j-.

• IPA^(key): /-iɑˣ/, [-iɑ̝(ʔ)]

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, stem -i-, linguistic notation -i- or -iA)

1. Forms primarily transitive verbs describing repeating (frequentative) or continuous (continuative) action.

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

• IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

-ia

1. (in loanwords) Forms place names.

Usually:

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

• IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

-ia

1. (in loanwords) -y (forms abstract nouns from Latin or Greek roots)

Usually:

From Proto-Finnic *-jak, an old *k-lative (-(k)) of *-ja (denominative place name suffix).

• IPA^(key): /-iɑ(ˣ)/, [-iɑ̝(ʔ)]

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, linguistic notation -iA)

1. Forms some adverbs, mainly with a directional meaning.

See -ea.

• IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, linguistic notation -iA) (dialectal)

1. alternative form of -ea

• Used in the same way as the standard -ea: e.g. korkia "high", standard korkea.
• Commonly associated with both Northern and Southern Ostrobothnian dialects, but also the predominant type in Peräpohja and southeastern (aka "Karelian") dialects.
• This form was standard until the 19th century, when it was replaced by the current standard -ea.

• Erkki Savolainen, 1998, compiled for the University of Eastern Finland (archived page)

• ai

From Proto-Finnic *-idak. Cognates include Finnish -ia.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]

-ia (front vowel variant -iä)

1. Used to form continuative verbs from other verbs.

   ‎hypätä (“to jump”) + ‎-ia → ‎hyppiä (“to hop”)

2. Used to form transitive verbs describing a continuous action with a nominal.

   ‎nokka (“beak”) + ‎-ia → ‎nokkia (“to peck”)

3. Used to form intransitive verbs describing the creation of a nominal.

   ‎kukka (“flower”) + ‎-ia → ‎kukkia (“to blossom”)

   ‎poika (“young”) + ‎-ia → ‎poikia (“to calve”)

Conjugation of -ia (type 7/oppia, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-in	en -i	1st singular	oon -int, oon -inut	en oo -int, en oo -inut
2nd singular	-it	et -i	2nd singular	oot -int, oot -inut	et oo -int, et oo -inut
3rd singular	-ii	ei -i	3rd singular	ono -int, ono -inut	ei oo -int, ei oo -inut
1st plural	-imma	emmä -i	1st plural	oomma -ineet	emmä oo -ineet
2nd plural	-itta	että -i	2nd plural	ootta -ineet	että oo -ineet
3rd plural	-iit1), -ivat2), -itaa	evät -i, ei -ita	3rd plural	ovat -ineet	evät oo -ineet, ei oo -ittu
impersonal	-itaa	ei -ita	impersonal	ono -ittu	ei oo -ittu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-in	en -int, en -inut	1st singular	olin -int, olin -inut	en olt -int, en olt -inut
2nd singular	-it	et -int, et -inut	2nd singular	olit -int, olit -inut	et olt -int, et olt -inut
3rd singular	-i	ei -int, ei -inut	3rd singular	oli -int, oli -inut	ei olt -int, ei olt -inut
1st plural	-imma	emmä -ineet	1st plural	olimma -ineet	emmä olleet -ineet
2nd plural	-itta	että -ineet	2nd plural	olitta -ineet	että olleet -ineet
3rd plural	-iit1), -ivat2), -ittii	evät -ineet, ei -ittu	3rd plural	olivat -ineet	evät olleet -ineet, ei olt -ittu
impersonal	-ittii	ei -ittu	impersonal	oli -ittu	ei olt -ittu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-isin	en -is	1st singular	olisin -int, olisin -inut	en olis -int, en olis -inut
2nd singular	-isit, -iist1)	et -is	2nd singular	olisit -int, olisit -inut	et olis -int, et olis -inut
3rd singular	-is	ei -is	3rd singular	olis -int, olis -inut	ei olis -int, ei olis -inut
1st plural	-isimma	emmä -is	1st plural	olisimma -ineet	emmä olis -ineet
2nd plural	-isitta	että -is	2nd plural	olisitta -ineet	että olis -ineet
3rd plural	-isiit1), -isivat2), -ittais	evät -is, ei -ittais	3rd plural	olisivat -ineet	evät olis -ineet, ei olis -ittu
impersonal	-ittais	ei -ittais	impersonal	olis -ittu	ei olis -ittu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-i	elä -i	2nd singular	oo -int, oo -inut	elä oo -int, elä oo -inut
3rd singular	-ikoo	elköö -iko	3rd singular	olkoo -int, olkoo -inut	elköö olko -int, elköö olko -inut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-ikaa	elkää -iko	2nd plural	olkaa -ineet	elkää olko -ineet
3rd plural	-ikoot	elkööt -iko, elköö -ittako	3rd plural	olkoot -ineet	elkööt olko -ineet, elköö olko -ittu
impersonal	-ittakkoo	elköö -ittako	impersonal	olkoo -ittu	elköö olko -ittu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-inen	en -ine
2nd singular	-inet	et -ine
3rd singular	-inoo	ei -ine
1st plural	-inemma	emmä -ine
2nd plural	-inetta	että -ine
3rd plural	-inoot	evät -ine, ei -ittane
impersonal	-ittannoo	ei -ittane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-ia	present	-iva	-ittava
2nd	inessive	-ijees	past	-int, -inut	-ittu
	instructive	-ien	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-ikaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-imaa
	inessive	-imaas
	elative	-imast
	abessive	-imata
4th	nominative	-imiin
	partitive	-imista, -imist

From Proto-Finnic *-ëda. Cognates include Finnish -ea and Estonian -e.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]

-ia (front vowel variant -iä)

2. Used to form adjectives from nouns and verbs.

   ‎pöörä (“wheel”) + ‎-ia → ‎pööriä (“round”)

Declension of -ia (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ia	-iat
genitive	-ian	-ioin
partitive	-iaa	-ioja
illative	-iaa	-ioihe
inessive	-iaas	-iois
elative	-iast	-ioist
allative	-ialle	-ioille
adessive	-iaal	-ioil
ablative	-ialt	-ioilt
translative	-iaks	-ioiks
essive	-ianna, -iaan	-ioinna, -ioin
exessive1)	-iant	-ioint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Borrowed from English -ia, French -ie, Italian -ia, Portuguese -ia/Spanish -ía, all ultimately from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.a/

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-ia

1. forms nouns from ethnonyms or personal names, denoting a country, province or region; , -y

   ‎arabe (“Arab”) + ‎-ia → ‎Arabia (“Arabia”)

   ‎scoto (“Scot”) + ‎-ia → ‎Scotia (“Scotland”)

   ‎bulgare (“Buglar(ian)”) + ‎-ia → ‎Bulgaria (“Bulgaria”)

2. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a quality, status or jurisdiction; -y, -cy, -ness, -ity, -hood

   ‎coarde (“coward”) + ‎-ia → ‎coardia (“cowardice”)

   ‎infante (“baby, infant”) + ‎-ia → ‎infantia (“childhood, infancy”)

   ‎abbate (“abbot”) + ‎-ia → ‎abbatia (“abbacy”)

   ‎capitano (“captain”) + ‎-ia → ‎capitania (“captaincy”)

3. forms nouns from nouns, denoting an art, science, practice or establishment; -y

   ‎geologo (“geologist”) + ‎-ia → ‎geologia (“geology”)

   ‎radiotoxicologo (“radiotoxicologist”) + ‎-ia → ‎radiotoxicologia (“radiotoxicology”)

   ‎idolatra (“idolater”) + ‎-ia → ‎idolatria (“idolatry”)

   ‎bottinero (“cobbler, shoemaker”) + ‎-ia → ‎bottineria (“cobblery, shoemaking; cobbler's, shoemaker's shop”)

• Note that the i of the suffix -ia bears the stress.

• Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

From Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.a/
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: -ì‧a

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ie)

2. derives abstract nouns denoting a state or condition from adjectives or nouns

   ‎allegro (“cheerful”, “happy”) + ‎-ia → ‎allegria (“joy”, “happiness”)

   ‎tiranno (“tyrant”) + ‎-ia → ‎tirannia (“tyranny”)

3. derives abstract nouns denoting a collective group or a social condition

   ‎compagno (“companion”) + ‎-ia → ‎compagnia (“company”)

   ‎borghese (“bourgeois”) + ‎-ia → ‎borghesia (“bourgeoisie”)

4. added to ethnonyms to derive place names

   ‎andaluso (“Andalusian”) + ‎-ia → ‎Andalusia (“Andalusia”)

5. used to derive technical and scientific terms, especially from Ancient Greek terms

From Latin -ia, ultimately from the same source as above.

• IPA^(key): /ja/
  • Hyphenation: -ia
• (after palatal consonants) IPA^(key): /a/

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ie)

2. (no longer productive) derivative suffix (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

• -ìa in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
• -ia in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

• -ai, ai, ài

Partially from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ία (-ía) and -εια (-eia), and so ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂. This suffix may also represent a substantivization of the feminine form of -ius.

-ia f (genitive -iae); first declension

1. Used to form a first declension feminine abstract noun, usually from an adjective ending in -us, or (rarely in later Latin) one ending in -ius, or from a present participle stem, and occasionally from a root noun.

   affixed to participles:

   ‎absēns + ‎-ia → ‎absentia

   ‎dēmēns + ‎-ia → ‎dēmentia

   ‎valēns + ‎-ia → ‎valentia

   affixed to adjectives:

   ‎audāx + ‎-ia → ‎audācia

   ‎angustus + ‎-ia → ‎angustia

   ‎fācundus + ‎-ia → ‎fācundia

   ‎ignāvus + ‎-ia → ‎ignāvia

   ‎opulentus + ‎-ia → ‎opulentia

   affixed to nouns:

   ‎custōs + ‎-ia → ‎custōdia

   ‎mīles + ‎-ia → ‎mīlitia

   ‎victor + ‎-ia → ‎victōria

   ‎gōgrāvius + ‎-ia → ‎gōgrāvia (Medieval Latin)

2. Used to form country names

   ‎Graecus + ‎-ia → ‎Graecia

   ‎Gallus + ‎-ia → ‎Gallia

   ‎Dācus + ‎-ia → ‎Dācia

   ‎Thrāx + ‎-ia → ‎Thrācia

   ‎Hispānus + ‎-ia → ‎Hispānia

   ‎Britannus + ‎-ia → ‎Britannia

   ‎Germānus + ‎-ia → ‎Germānia

First-declension noun.

• -iēs

• Italian: -ia
• Old French: -ie
  • Middle French: -ie
    • French: -ie
  • → Middle High German: -ie
  • → Middle English: -ie
    • English: -y, -ie
• Sicilian: -ia

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-ia

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of -s

-ia

1. a passive ending

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

• IPA^(key): /ˈja/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

-ia f

1. -ia

   ‎akuszer + ‎-ia → ‎akuszeria

• -stwo

• -ia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• Rhymes: -iɐ

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ias)

1. forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood

   Synonyms: -idade, -ção

   ‎alegre (“joyful”) + ‎-ia → ‎alegria (“joy”)

2. (medicine) forms the names of medical conditions; -y; -ia

   ‎acéfalo (“acephalous”) + ‎-ia → ‎acefalia (“acephaly”)

3. forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship

   Synonyms: -ado, -ato

   ‎governador (“governor”) + ‎-ia → ‎governadoria (“the job or office of a governor”)

4. forms placenames; -y; -ia

   ‎Brasil (“Brazil”) + ‎-ia → ‎Brasília (“Brasilia”)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ia, from Latin -ēbam (first person) and -ēbat (third person). Cognate with Galician and Spanish -ía.

-ia (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. a suffix indicating the first-person singular indicative imperfect of a verb in -er and -ir

   ‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comia (“[I] used to eat”)

   ‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-ia → ‎unia (“[I] used to unite”)

2. a suffix indicating the third-person singular indicative imperfect of a verb in -er and -ir

   ‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comia (“[he/she/it] used to eat”)

   ‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-ia → ‎unia (“[he/she/it] used to unite”)

• -ava

Reduced form of havia, imperfect of haver.

-ia (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. appended to the infinitive, forms the first-person singular and third-person singular conditional of verbs

   ‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comeria (“I/he/she/it would eat”)

-ia

1. definite singular of -ie, usually applied to place names.

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ias)

1. appears in feminine nouns, generally abstract, mostly inherited from Latin; -y

   ‎eficaz (“efficient”) + ‎-ia → ‎eficacia (“efficiency”)

2. forms placenames; -y; -ia

   ‎Brasil (“Brazil”) + ‎-ia → ‎Brasilia (“Brasilia”)

• “-ia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

• -lia/-lea

Compare with Chichewa -ira (“applicative suffix”).

-ia (mid vowel harmony variant -ea)

1. for (directed at, intended to belong to), applicative suffix

   ‎-lipa (“to pay”) + ‎-ia → ‎-lipia (“to pay for”)

   ‎-jibu (“to answer”) + ‎-ia → ‎-jibia (“to answer to/for”)

   ‎-soma (“to read”) + ‎-ea → ‎-somea (“to read to/for”)

3. (rare) conversive suffix

   ‎-nuka (“to smell”) + ‎-ia → ‎-nukia (“to smell good”)

   ‎-hama (“to move, to emigrate”) + ‎-ia → ‎-hamia (“to move to, to immigrate”)

• Swahili applicative verbs

• Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (2002) “Verbal extensions in Bantu (the case of Swahili and Nyamwezi)”, in Africa & Asia‎^[1], volume 2, →ISSN, archived from the original on 11 December 2009, 3.2.4, page 11 of 4-26.