Swahili
Etymology
From -nuka (“to smell”) + -ia (conversive).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-nukia (infinitive kunukia)
- to smell good
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -nukia
|
| Positive present
|
-nanukia
|
| Subjunctive
|
-nukie
|
| Negative
|
-nukii
|
| Imperative singular
|
nukia
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kunukia
|
| Negative
|
kutonukia
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
nukia
|
| Plural
|
nukieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hunukia
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -linukia
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kunukia
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nanukia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninanukia/nanukia
|
tunanukia
|
| 2nd person
|
unanukia
|
mnanukia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ananukia
|
wananukia
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nanukia
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -nukii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sinukii
|
hatunukii
|
| 2nd person
|
hunukii
|
hamnukii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hanukii
|
hawanukii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -nukii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tanukia
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tanukia
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -nukie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninukie
|
tunukie
|
| 2nd person
|
unukie
|
mnukie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anukie
|
wanukie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nukie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sinukie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngenukia
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singenukia
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalinukia
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalinukia
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -anukia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nanukia
|
twanukia
|
| 2nd person
|
wanukia
|
mwanukia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anukia
|
wanukia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wanukia
|
yanukia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lanukia
|
yanukia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chanukia
|
vyanukia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yanukia
|
zanukia
|
| u(XI)
|
wanukia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwanukia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
panukia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwanukia
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -menukia
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshanukia
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -janukia
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kinukia
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siponukia
|
| Consecutive
|
kanukia / positive subject concord + -kanukia
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kanukie
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -nukia- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-nukiaye
|
-nukiao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-nukiao
|
-nukiayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-nukialo
|
-nukiayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-nukiacho
|
-nukiavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-nukiayo
|
-nukiazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-nukiao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-nukiako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-nukiapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-nukiamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -nukia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yenukia
|
-onukia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-onukia
|
-yonukia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lonukia
|
-yonukia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chonukia
|
-vyonukia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yonukia
|
-zonukia
|
| u(XI)
|
-onukia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-konukia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ponukia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-monukia
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (2002) “Verbal extensions in Bantu (the case of Swahili and Nyamwezi)”, in Africa & Asia[1], volume 2, →ISSN, archived from the original on 11 December 2009, 3.2.4, page 11 of 4-26.