Swahili
Etymology
From the root of Arabic جَسَرَ (jasara),[1] perhaps the participle جَاسِر (jāsir).
Pronunciation
Adjective
jasiri (invariable)
- brave, courageous
Derived terms
Verb
-jasiri (infinitive kujasiri)
- to be brave, dare
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -jasiri
|
| Positive present
|
-najasiri
|
| Subjunctive
|
-jasiri
|
| Negative
|
-jasiri
|
| Imperative singular
|
jasiri
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
jasiri
|
| Plural
|
jasirini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hujasiri
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lijasiri
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kujasiri
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -najasiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninajasiri/najasiri
|
tunajasiri
|
| 2nd person
|
unajasiri
|
mnajasiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anajasiri
|
wanajasiri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -najasiri
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -jasiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sijasiri
|
hatujasiri
|
| 2nd person
|
hujasiri
|
hamjasiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hajasiri
|
hawajasiri
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -jasiri
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tajasiri
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tajasiri
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jasiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nijasiri
|
tujasiri
|
| 2nd person
|
ujasiri
|
mjasiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajasiri
|
wajasiri
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -jasiri
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sijasiri
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngejasiri
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singejasiri
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalijasiri
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalijasiri
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ajasiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
najasiri
|
twajasiri
|
| 2nd person
|
wajasiri
|
mwajasiri
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajasiri
|
wajasiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wajasiri
|
yajasiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lajasiri
|
yajasiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chajasiri
|
vyajasiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yajasiri
|
zajasiri
|
| u(XI)
|
wajasiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwajasiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pajasiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwajasiri
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mejasiri
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshajasiri
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jajasiri
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kijasiri
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipojasiri
|
| Consecutive
|
kajasiri / positive subject concord + -kajasiri
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kajasiri
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nijasiri
|
-tujasiri
|
| 2nd person
|
-kujasiri
|
-wajasiri/-kujasirini/-wajasirini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mjasiri
|
-wajasiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ujasiri
|
-ijasiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lijasiri
|
-yajasiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kijasiri
|
-vijasiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ijasiri
|
-zijasiri
|
| u(XI)
|
-ujasiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kujasiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pajasiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mujasiri
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jijasiri
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -jasiri- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-jasiriye
|
-jasirio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-jasirio
|
-jasiriyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-jasirilo
|
-jasiriyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-jasiricho
|
-jasirivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-jasiriyo
|
-jasirizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-jasirio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-jasiriko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-jasiripo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-jasirimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -jasiri)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yejasiri
|
-ojasiri
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ojasiri
|
-yojasiri
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lojasiri
|
-yojasiri
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chojasiri
|
-vyojasiri
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yojasiri
|
-zojasiri
|
| u(XI)
|
-ojasiri
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kojasiri
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pojasiri
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mojasiri
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 58 Nr. 476