Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic قَابَلَ (qābala).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-kabili (infinitive kukabili)
- to face, encounter
- to confront
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kabili
|
| Positive present
|
-nakabili
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kabili
|
| Negative
|
-kabili
|
| Imperative singular
|
kabili
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kabili
|
| Plural
|
kabilini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukabili
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likabili
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukabili
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakabili)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakabili/nakabili
|
tunakabili
|
| 2nd person
|
unakabili
|
mnakabili
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakabili
|
wanakabili
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakabili
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kabili)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikabili
|
hatukabili
|
| 2nd person
|
hukabili
|
hamkabili
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakabili
|
hawakabili
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kabili
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takabili
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takabili
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kabili)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikabili
|
tukabili
|
| 2nd person
|
ukabili
|
mkabili
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akabili
|
wakabili
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kabili
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikabili
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekabili
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekabili
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikabili
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikabili
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akabili)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakabili
|
twakabili
|
| 2nd person
|
wakabili
|
mwakabili
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akabili
|
wakabili
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakabili
|
yakabili
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakabili
|
yakabili
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakabili
|
vyakabili
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakabili
|
zakabili
|
| u(XI)
|
wakabili
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakabili
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakabili
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakabili
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekabili
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakabili
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakabili
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikabili
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokabili
|
| Consecutive
|
kakabili / positive subject concord + -kakabili
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakabili
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikabili
|
-tukabili
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukabili
|
-wakabili/-kukabilini/-wakabilini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkabili
|
-wakabili
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukabili
|
-ikabili
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likabili
|
-yakabili
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikabili
|
-vikabili
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikabili
|
-zikabili
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukabili
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukabili
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakabili
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukabili
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikabili
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kabili- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kabiliye
|
-kabilio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kabilio
|
-kabiliyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kabililo
|
-kabiliyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kabilicho
|
-kabilivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kabiliyo
|
-kabilizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kabilio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kabiliko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kabilipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kabilimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kabili)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekabili
|
-okabili
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okabili
|
-yokabili
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokabili
|
-yokabili
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokabili
|
-vyokabili
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokabili
|
-zokabili
|
| u(XI)
|
-okabili
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokabili
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokabili
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokabili
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241 Nr. 2228