Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-kanyaga (infinitive kukanyaga)
- to step on
- to trample
- to defeat
- to oppress
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kanyaga
|
| Positive present
|
-nakanyaga
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kanyage
|
| Negative
|
-kanyagi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kanyaga
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kanyaga
|
| Plural
|
kanyageni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukanyaga
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likanyaga
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukanyaga
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakanyaga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakanyaga/nakanyaga
|
tunakanyaga
|
| 2nd person
|
unakanyaga
|
mnakanyaga
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakanyaga
|
wanakanyaga
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakanyaga
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kanyagi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikanyagi
|
hatukanyagi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukanyagi
|
hamkanyagi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakanyagi
|
hawakanyagi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kanyagi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takanyaga
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takanyaga
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kanyage)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikanyage
|
tukanyage
|
| 2nd person
|
ukanyage
|
mkanyage
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akanyage
|
wakanyage
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kanyage
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikanyage
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekanyaga
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekanyaga
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikanyaga
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikanyaga
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akanyaga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakanyaga
|
twakanyaga
|
| 2nd person
|
wakanyaga
|
mwakanyaga
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akanyaga
|
wakanyaga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakanyaga
|
yakanyaga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakanyaga
|
yakanyaga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakanyaga
|
vyakanyaga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakanyaga
|
zakanyaga
|
| u(XI)
|
wakanyaga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakanyaga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakanyaga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakanyaga
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekanyaga
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakanyaga
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakanyaga
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikanyaga
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokanyaga
|
| Consecutive
|
kakanyaga / positive subject concord + -kakanyaga
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakanyage
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikanyaga
|
-tukanyaga
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukanyaga
|
-wakanyaga/-kukanyageni/-wakanyageni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkanyaga
|
-wakanyaga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukanyaga
|
-ikanyaga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likanyaga
|
-yakanyaga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikanyaga
|
-vikanyaga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikanyaga
|
-zikanyaga
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukanyaga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukanyaga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakanyaga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukanyaga
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikanyaga
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kanyaga- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kanyagaye
|
-kanyagao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kanyagao
|
-kanyagayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kanyagalo
|
-kanyagayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kanyagacho
|
-kanyagavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kanyagayo
|
-kanyagazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kanyagao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kanyagako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kanyagapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kanyagamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kanyaga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekanyaga
|
-okanyaga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okanyaga
|
-yokanyaga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokanyaga
|
-yokanyaga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokanyaga
|
-vyokanyaga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokanyaga
|
-zokanyaga
|
| u(XI)
|
-okanyaga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokanyaga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokanyaga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokanyaga
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms