Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kinza (infinitive kukinza)
- to oppose, object, obstruct
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kinza
|
| Positive present
|
-nakinza
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kinze
|
| Negative
|
-kinzi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kinza
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukinza
|
| Negative
|
kutokinza
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kinza
|
| Plural
|
kinzeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukinza
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likinza
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukinza
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakinza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakinza/nakinza
|
tunakinza
|
| 2nd person
|
unakinza
|
mnakinza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakinza
|
wanakinza
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakinza
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kinzi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikinzi
|
hatukinzi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukinzi
|
hamkinzi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakinzi
|
hawakinzi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kinzi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takinza
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takinza
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kinze)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikinze
|
tukinze
|
| 2nd person
|
ukinze
|
mkinze
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akinze
|
wakinze
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kinze
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikinze
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekinza
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekinza
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikinza
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikinza
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akinza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakinza
|
twakinza
|
| 2nd person
|
wakinza
|
mwakinza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akinza
|
wakinza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakinza
|
yakinza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakinza
|
yakinza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakinza
|
vyakinza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakinza
|
zakinza
|
| u(XI)
|
wakinza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakinza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakinza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakinza
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekinza
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakinza
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakinza
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikinza
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokinza
|
| Consecutive
|
kakinza / positive subject concord + -kakinza
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakinze
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikinza
|
-tukinza
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukinza
|
-wakinza/-kukinzeni/-wakinzeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkinza
|
-wakinza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukinza
|
-ikinza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likinza
|
-yakinza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikinza
|
-vikinza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikinza
|
-zikinza
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukinza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukinza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakinza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukinza
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikinza
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kinza- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kinzaye
|
-kinzao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kinzao
|
-kinzayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kinzalo
|
-kinzayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kinzacho
|
-kinzavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kinzayo
|
-kinzazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kinzao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kinzako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kinzapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kinzamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kinza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekinza
|
-okinza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okinza
|
-yokinza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokinza
|
-yokinza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokinza
|
-vyokinza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokinza
|
-zokinza
|
| u(XI)
|
-okinza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokinza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokinza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokinza
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms