Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kinzana (infinitive kukinzana)
- Reciprocal form of -kinza
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kinzana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakinzana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kinzane
|
| Negative
|
-kinzani
|
| Imperative singular
|
kinzana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kinzana
|
| Plural
|
kinzaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukinzana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likinzana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukinzana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakinzana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakinzana/nakinzana
|
tunakinzana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakinzana
|
mnakinzana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakinzana
|
wanakinzana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakinzana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kinzani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikinzani
|
hatukinzani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukinzani
|
hamkinzani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakinzani
|
hawakinzani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kinzani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takinzana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takinzana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kinzane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikinzane
|
tukinzane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukinzane
|
mkinzane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akinzane
|
wakinzane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kinzane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikinzane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekinzana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekinzana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikinzana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikinzana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akinzana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakinzana
|
twakinzana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakinzana
|
mwakinzana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akinzana
|
wakinzana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakinzana
|
yakinzana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakinzana
|
yakinzana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakinzana
|
vyakinzana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakinzana
|
zakinzana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakinzana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakinzana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakinzana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakinzana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekinzana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakinzana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakinzana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikinzana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokinzana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakinzana / positive subject concord + -kakinzana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakinzane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kinzana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kinzanaye
|
-kinzanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kinzanao
|
-kinzanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kinzanalo
|
-kinzanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kinzanacho
|
-kinzanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kinzanayo
|
-kinzanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kinzanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kinzanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kinzanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kinzanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kinzana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekinzana
|
-okinzana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okinzana
|
-yokinzana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokinzana
|
-yokinzana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokinzana
|
-vyokinzana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokinzana
|
-zokinzana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okinzana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokinzana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokinzana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokinzana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms