Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kopesha (infinitive kukopesha)
- Causative form of -kopa: to lend
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kopesha
|
| Positive present
|
-nakopesha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kopeshe
|
| Negative
|
-kopeshi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kopesha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kopesha
|
| Plural
|
kopesheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukopesha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likopesha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukopesha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakopesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakopesha/nakopesha
|
tunakopesha
|
| 2nd person
|
unakopesha
|
mnakopesha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakopesha
|
wanakopesha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakopesha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kopeshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikopeshi
|
hatukopeshi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukopeshi
|
hamkopeshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakopeshi
|
hawakopeshi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kopeshi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takopesha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takopesha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kopeshe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikopeshe
|
tukopeshe
|
| 2nd person
|
ukopeshe
|
mkopeshe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akopeshe
|
wakopeshe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kopeshe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikopeshe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekopesha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekopesha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikopesha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikopesha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akopesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakopesha
|
twakopesha
|
| 2nd person
|
wakopesha
|
mwakopesha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akopesha
|
wakopesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakopesha
|
yakopesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakopesha
|
yakopesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakopesha
|
vyakopesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakopesha
|
zakopesha
|
| u(XI)
|
wakopesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakopesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakopesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakopesha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekopesha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakopesha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakopesha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikopesha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokopesha
|
| Consecutive
|
kakopesha / positive subject concord + -kakopesha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakopeshe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikopesha
|
-tukopesha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukopesha
|
-wakopesha/-kukopesheni/-wakopesheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkopesha
|
-wakopesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukopesha
|
-ikopesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likopesha
|
-yakopesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikopesha
|
-vikopesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikopesha
|
-zikopesha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukopesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukopesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakopesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukopesha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikopesha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kopesha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kopeshaye
|
-kopeshao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kopeshao
|
-kopeshayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kopeshalo
|
-kopeshayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kopeshacho
|
-kopeshavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kopeshayo
|
-kopeshazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kopeshao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopeshako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kopeshapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kopeshamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kopesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekopesha
|
-okopesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okopesha
|
-yokopesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokopesha
|
-yokopesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokopesha
|
-vyokopesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokopesha
|
-zokopesha
|
| u(XI)
|
-okopesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokopesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokopesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokopesha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms