Swahili
Verb
-kopiana (infinitive kukopiana)
- Reciprocal form of -kopi
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kopiana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakopiana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kopiane
|
| Negative
|
-kopiani
|
| Imperative singular
|
kopiana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kopiana
|
| Plural
|
kopianeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukopiana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likopiana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukopiana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakopiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakopiana/nakopiana
|
tunakopiana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakopiana
|
mnakopiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakopiana
|
wanakopiana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakopiana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kopiani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikopiani
|
hatukopiani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukopiani
|
hamkopiani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakopiani
|
hawakopiani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kopiani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takopiana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takopiana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kopiane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikopiane
|
tukopiane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukopiane
|
mkopiane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akopiane
|
wakopiane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kopiane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikopiane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekopiana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekopiana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikopiana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikopiana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akopiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakopiana
|
twakopiana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakopiana
|
mwakopiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akopiana
|
wakopiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakopiana
|
yakopiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakopiana
|
yakopiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakopiana
|
vyakopiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakopiana
|
zakopiana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakopiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakopiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakopiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakopiana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekopiana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakopiana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakopiana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikopiana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokopiana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakopiana / positive subject concord + -kakopiana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakopiane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kopiana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kopianaye
|
-kopianao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kopianao
|
-kopianayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kopianalo
|
-kopianayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kopianacho
|
-kopianavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kopianayo
|
-kopianazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kopianao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopianako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kopianapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kopianamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kopiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekopiana
|
-okopiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okopiana
|
-yokopiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokopiana
|
-yokopiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokopiana
|
-vyokopiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokopiana
|
-zokopiana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okopiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokopiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokopiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokopiana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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