Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kwaruza (infinitive kukwaruza)
- to scratch
- to grate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kwaruza
|
| Positive present
|
-nakwaruza
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kwaruze
|
| Negative
|
-kwaruzi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kwaruza
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kwaruza
|
| Plural
|
kwaruzeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukwaruza
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likwaruza
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukwaruza
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwaruza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakwaruza/nakwaruza
|
tunakwaruza
|
| 2nd person
|
unakwaruza
|
mnakwaruza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakwaruza
|
wanakwaruza
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakwaruza
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kwaruzi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikwaruzi
|
hatukwaruzi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukwaruzi
|
hamkwaruzi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakwaruzi
|
hawakwaruzi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kwaruzi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takwaruza
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takwaruza
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kwaruze)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikwaruze
|
tukwaruze
|
| 2nd person
|
ukwaruze
|
mkwaruze
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akwaruze
|
wakwaruze
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kwaruze
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikwaruze
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekwaruza
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekwaruza
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikwaruza
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikwaruza
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akwaruza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakwaruza
|
twakwaruza
|
| 2nd person
|
wakwaruza
|
mwakwaruza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akwaruza
|
wakwaruza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakwaruza
|
yakwaruza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakwaruza
|
yakwaruza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakwaruza
|
vyakwaruza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakwaruza
|
zakwaruza
|
| u(XI)
|
wakwaruza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakwaruza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakwaruza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakwaruza
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekwaruza
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakwaruza
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakwaruza
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikwaruza
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokwaruza
|
| Consecutive
|
kakwaruza / positive subject concord + -kakwaruza
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakwaruze
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikwaruza
|
-tukwaruza
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukwaruza
|
-wakwaruza/-kukwaruzeni/-wakwaruzeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkwaruza
|
-wakwaruza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukwaruza
|
-ikwaruza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likwaruza
|
-yakwaruza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikwaruza
|
-vikwaruza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikwaruza
|
-zikwaruza
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukwaruza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukwaruza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakwaruza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukwaruza
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikwaruza
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kwaruza- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kwaruzaye
|
-kwaruzao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kwaruzao
|
-kwaruzayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kwaruzalo
|
-kwaruzayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kwaruzacho
|
-kwaruzavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kwaruzayo
|
-kwaruzazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kwaruzao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kwaruzako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kwaruzapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kwaruzamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kwaruza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekwaruza
|
-okwaruza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okwaruza
|
-yokwaruza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokwaruza
|
-yokwaruza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokwaruza
|
-vyokwaruza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokwaruza
|
-zokwaruza
|
| u(XI)
|
-okwaruza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokwaruza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokwaruza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokwaruza
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms