Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kwaruzana (infinitive kukwaruzana)
- Reciprocal form of -kwaruza
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kwaruzana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakwaruzana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kwaruzane
|
| Negative
|
-kwaruzani
|
| Imperative singular
|
kwaruzana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kwaruzana
|
| Plural
|
kwaruzaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukwaruzana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likwaruzana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukwaruzana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwaruzana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakwaruzana/nakwaruzana
|
tunakwaruzana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakwaruzana
|
mnakwaruzana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakwaruzana
|
wanakwaruzana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakwaruzana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kwaruzani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikwaruzani
|
hatukwaruzani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukwaruzani
|
hamkwaruzani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakwaruzani
|
hawakwaruzani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kwaruzani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takwaruzana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takwaruzana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kwaruzane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikwaruzane
|
tukwaruzane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukwaruzane
|
mkwaruzane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akwaruzane
|
wakwaruzane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kwaruzane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikwaruzane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekwaruzana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekwaruzana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikwaruzana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikwaruzana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akwaruzana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakwaruzana
|
twakwaruzana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakwaruzana
|
mwakwaruzana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akwaruzana
|
wakwaruzana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakwaruzana
|
yakwaruzana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakwaruzana
|
yakwaruzana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakwaruzana
|
vyakwaruzana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakwaruzana
|
zakwaruzana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakwaruzana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakwaruzana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakwaruzana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakwaruzana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekwaruzana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakwaruzana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakwaruzana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikwaruzana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokwaruzana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakwaruzana / positive subject concord + -kakwaruzana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakwaruzane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kwaruzana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kwaruzanaye
|
-kwaruzanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kwaruzanao
|
-kwaruzanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kwaruzanalo
|
-kwaruzanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kwaruzanacho
|
-kwaruzanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kwaruzanayo
|
-kwaruzanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kwaruzanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kwaruzanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kwaruzanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kwaruzanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kwaruzana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekwaruzana
|
-okwaruzana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okwaruzana
|
-yokwaruzana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokwaruzana
|
-yokwaruzana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokwaruzana
|
-vyokwaruzana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokwaruzana
|
-zokwaruzana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okwaruzana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokwaruzana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokwaruzana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokwaruzana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms