Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic لَعَنَ (laʕana).
Pronunciation
Verb
-laani (infinitive kulaani)
- to condemn, to curse
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -laani
|
| Positive present
|
-nalaani
|
| Subjunctive
|
-laani
|
| Negative
|
-laani
|
| Imperative singular
|
laani
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kulaani
|
| Negative
|
kutolaani
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
laani
|
| Plural
|
laanini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hulaani
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lilaani
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kulaani
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalaani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninalaani/nalaani
|
tunalaani
|
| 2nd person
|
unalaani
|
mnalaani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
analaani
|
wanalaani
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nalaani
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -laani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
silaani
|
hatulaani
|
| 2nd person
|
hulaani
|
hamlaani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
halaani
|
hawalaani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -laani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -talaani
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -talaani
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -laani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nilaani
|
tulaani
|
| 2nd person
|
ulaani
|
mlaani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alaani
|
walaani
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -laani
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -silaani
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngelaani
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singelaani
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalilaani
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalilaani
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alaani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nalaani
|
twalaani
|
| 2nd person
|
walaani
|
mwalaani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alaani
|
walaani
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
walaani
|
yalaani
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lalaani
|
yalaani
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chalaani
|
vyalaani
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yalaani
|
zalaani
|
| u(XI)
|
walaani
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwalaani
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
palaani
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwalaani
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -melaani
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshalaani
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jalaani
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kilaani
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipolaani
|
| Consecutive
|
kalaani / positive subject concord + -kalaani
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kalaani
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nilaani
|
-tulaani
|
| 2nd person
|
-kulaani
|
-walaani/-kulaanini/-walaanini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mlaani
|
-walaani
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ulaani
|
-ilaani
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lilaani
|
-yalaani
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kilaani
|
-vilaani
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ilaani
|
-zilaani
|
| u(XI)
|
-ulaani
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kulaani
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-palaani
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mulaani
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jilaani
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -laani- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-laaniye
|
-laanio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-laanio
|
-laaniyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-laanilo
|
-laaniyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-laanicho
|
-laanivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-laaniyo
|
-laanizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-laanio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-laaniko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-laanipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-laanimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -laani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yelaani
|
-olaani
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-olaani
|
-yolaani
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lolaani
|
-yolaani
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-cholaani
|
-vyolaani
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yolaani
|
-zolaani
|
| u(XI)
|
-olaani
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kolaani
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-polaani
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-molaani
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- laana (“condemnation; curse”)