Swahili
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-ngoja (infinitive kungoja)
- to wait, wait for, await
- to stop
- to stay
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ngoja
|
| Positive present
|
-nangoja
|
| Subjunctive
|
-ngoje
|
| Negative
|
-ngoji
|
| Imperative singular
|
ngoja
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kungoja
|
| Negative
|
kutongoja
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
ngoja
|
| Plural
|
ngojeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hungoja
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lingoja
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kungoja
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nangoja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninangoja/nangoja
|
tunangoja
|
| 2nd person
|
unangoja
|
mnangoja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anangoja
|
wanangoja
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nangoja
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -ngoji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
singoji
|
hatungoji
|
| 2nd person
|
hungoji
|
hamngoji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hangoji
|
hawangoji
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -ngoji
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tangoja
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tangoja
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ngoje)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ningoje
|
tungoje
|
| 2nd person
|
ungoje
|
mngoje
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
angoje
|
wangoje
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -ngoje
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -singoje
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngengoja
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singengoja
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalingoja
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalingoja
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -angoja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nangoja
|
twangoja
|
| 2nd person
|
wangoja
|
mwangoja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
angoja
|
wangoja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wangoja
|
yangoja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
langoja
|
yangoja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
changoja
|
vyangoja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yangoja
|
zangoja
|
| u(XI)
|
wangoja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwangoja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pangoja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwangoja
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mengoja
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshangoja
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jangoja
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kingoja
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipongoja
|
| Consecutive
|
kangoja / positive subject concord + -kangoja
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kangoje
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-ningoja
|
-tungoja
|
| 2nd person
|
-kungoja
|
-wangoja/-kungojeni/-wangojeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mngoja
|
-wangoja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ungoja
|
-ingoja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lingoja
|
-yangoja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kingoja
|
-vingoja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ingoja
|
-zingoja
|
| u(XI)
|
-ungoja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kungoja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pangoja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mungoja
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jingoja
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ngoja- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-ngojaye
|
-ngojao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ngojao
|
-ngojayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-ngojalo
|
-ngojayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-ngojacho
|
-ngojavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ngojayo
|
-ngojazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-ngojao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-ngojako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ngojapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-ngojamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ngoja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yengoja
|
-ongoja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ongoja
|
-yongoja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-longoja
|
-yongoja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chongoja
|
-vyongoja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yongoja
|
-zongoja
|
| u(XI)
|
-ongoja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kongoja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pongoja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mongoja
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- Madan, A.C. (1903) Swahili-English dictionary[1], Oxford Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 280