Swahili
Etymology
From -penda (“to love”) + -elea.
Pronunciation
Verb
-pendelea (infinitive kupendelea)
- to prefer, favor (to be in favor of)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -pendelea
|
| Positive present
|
-napendelea
|
| Subjunctive
|
-pendelee
|
| Negative
|
-pendelei
|
| Imperative singular
|
pendelea
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
pendelea
|
| Plural
|
pendeleeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupendelea
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipendelea
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupendelea
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napendelea)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapendelea/napendelea
|
tunapendelea
|
| 2nd person
|
unapendelea
|
mnapendelea
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapendelea
|
wanapendelea
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napendelea
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -pendelei)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipendelei
|
hatupendelei
|
| 2nd person
|
hupendelei
|
hampendelei
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapendelei
|
hawapendelei
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pendelei
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapendelea
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapendelea
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pendelee)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipendelee
|
tupendelee
|
| 2nd person
|
upendelee
|
mpendelee
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apendelee
|
wapendelee
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -pendelee
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipendelee
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngependelea
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singependelea
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipendelea
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipendelea
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apendelea)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napendelea
|
twapendelea
|
| 2nd person
|
wapendelea
|
mwapendelea
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apendelea
|
wapendelea
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapendelea
|
yapendelea
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapendelea
|
yapendelea
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapendelea
|
vyapendelea
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapendelea
|
zapendelea
|
| u(XI)
|
wapendelea
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapendelea
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papendelea
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapendelea
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mependelea
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapendelea
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japendelea
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipendelea
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopendelea
|
| Consecutive
|
kapendelea / positive subject concord + -kapendelea
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapendelee
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipendelea
|
-tupendelea
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupendelea
|
-wapendelea/-kupendeleeni/-wapendeleeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpendelea
|
-wapendelea
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upendelea
|
-ipendelea
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipendelea
|
-yapendelea
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipendelea
|
-vipendelea
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipendelea
|
-zipendelea
|
| u(XI)
|
-upendelea
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupendelea
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papendelea
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupendelea
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipendelea
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pendelea- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-pendeleaye
|
-pendeleao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-pendeleao
|
-pendeleayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-pendelealo
|
-pendeleayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-pendeleacho
|
-pendeleavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-pendeleayo
|
-pendeleazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-pendeleao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-pendeleako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pendeleapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-pendeleamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pendelea)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yependelea
|
-opendelea
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opendelea
|
-yopendelea
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopendelea
|
-yopendelea
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopendelea
|
-vyopendelea
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopendelea
|
-zopendelea
|
| u(XI)
|
-opendelea
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopendelea
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popendelea
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopendelea
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Nominal derivations:
- upendeleo (“bias, prejudice, favouritism, partiality”)