Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin pinna.
Pronunciation
Noun
penya f (plural penyes)
- rock, outcrop
- Synonym: (archaic) quer
- (figurative, colloquial) circle (group of regulars)
2013, Albert Balcells, Jaume Massó i Torrents i la modernitat, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, →ISBN, page 181:El director d'aleshores era En Sánchez Ortiz, un andalús simpatic i atractiu, que cercava en la penya els més excel·lents col·laboradors: […]- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “penya”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
- “penya”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025.
- “penya” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “penya” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-penya (infinitive kupenya)
- to penetrate, to pierce
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -penya
|
| Positive present
|
-napenya
|
| Subjunctive
|
-penye
|
| Negative
|
-penyi
|
| Imperative singular
|
penya
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kupenya
|
| Negative
|
kutopenya
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
penya
|
| Plural
|
penyeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupenya
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipenya
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupenya
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napenya)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapenya/napenya
|
tunapenya
|
| 2nd person
|
unapenya
|
mnapenya
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapenya
|
wanapenya
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napenya
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -penyi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipenyi
|
hatupenyi
|
| 2nd person
|
hupenyi
|
hampenyi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapenyi
|
hawapenyi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -penyi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapenya
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapenya
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -penye)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipenye
|
tupenye
|
| 2nd person
|
upenye
|
mpenye
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apenye
|
wapenye
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -penye
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipenye
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepenya
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepenya
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipenya
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipenya
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apenya)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napenya
|
twapenya
|
| 2nd person
|
wapenya
|
mwapenya
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apenya
|
wapenya
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapenya
|
yapenya
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapenya
|
yapenya
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapenya
|
vyapenya
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapenya
|
zapenya
|
| u(XI)
|
wapenya
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapenya
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papenya
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapenya
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepenya
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapenya
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japenya
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipenya
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopenya
|
| Consecutive
|
kapenya / positive subject concord + -kapenya
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapenye
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipenya
|
-tupenya
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupenya
|
-wapenya/-kupenyeni/-wapenyeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpenya
|
-wapenya
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upenya
|
-ipenya
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipenya
|
-yapenya
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipenya
|
-vipenya
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipenya
|
-zipenya
|
| u(XI)
|
-upenya
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupenya
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papenya
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupenya
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipenya
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -penya- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-penyaye
|
-penyao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-penyao
|
-penyayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-penyalo
|
-penyayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-penyacho
|
-penyavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-penyayo
|
-penyazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-penyao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-penyako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-penyapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-penyamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -penya)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepenya
|
-openya
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-openya
|
-yopenya
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopenya
|
-yopenya
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopenya
|
-vyopenya
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopenya
|
-zopenya
|
| u(XI)
|
-openya
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopenya
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popenya
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopenya
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Venda
Verb
penya
- to flash