Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-pungua (infinitive kupungua)
- Augmentative form of -punga: to decrease, diminish
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -pungua
|
| Positive present
|
-napungua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-pungue
|
| Negative
|
-pungui
|
| Imperative singular
|
pungua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
pungua
|
| Plural
|
pungueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupungua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipungua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupungua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napungua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapungua/napungua
|
tunapungua
|
| 2nd person
|
unapungua
|
mnapungua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapungua
|
wanapungua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napungua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -pungui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipungui
|
hatupungui
|
| 2nd person
|
hupungui
|
hampungui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapungui
|
hawapungui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pungui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapungua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapungua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pungue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipungue
|
tupungue
|
| 2nd person
|
upungue
|
mpungue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apungue
|
wapungue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -pungue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipungue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepungua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepungua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipungua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipungua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apungua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napungua
|
twapungua
|
| 2nd person
|
wapungua
|
mwapungua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apungua
|
wapungua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapungua
|
yapungua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapungua
|
yapungua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapungua
|
vyapungua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapungua
|
zapungua
|
| u(XI)
|
wapungua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapungua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papungua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapungua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepungua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapungua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japungua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipungua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopungua
|
| Consecutive
|
kapungua / positive subject concord + -kapungua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapungue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipungua
|
-tupungua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupungua
|
-wapungua/-kupungueni/-wapungueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpungua
|
-wapungua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upungua
|
-ipungua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipungua
|
-yapungua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipungua
|
-vipungua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipungua
|
-zipungua
|
| u(XI)
|
-upungua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupungua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papungua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupungua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipungua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pungua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-punguaye
|
-punguao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-punguao
|
-punguayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-pungualo
|
-punguayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-punguacho
|
-punguavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-punguayo
|
-punguazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-punguao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-punguako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-punguapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-punguamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pungua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepungua
|
-opungua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opungua
|
-yopungua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopungua
|
-yopungua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopungua
|
-vyopungua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopungua
|
-zopungua
|
| u(XI)
|
-opungua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopungua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popungua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopungua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|