rideo

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain origin. Roberts assigns Proto-Indo-European *wert- in the sense of turning the mouth to smile; de Vaan finds no credible Indo-European origin and rejects connections to Sanskrit व्रीडते (vrīḍate, “to be shy, bashful”).

Matasović connects this with Proto-Germanic *wrītaną (“to scratch”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

rīdeō (present infinitive rīdēre, perfect active rīsī, supine rīsum); second conjugation

  1. (intransitive) to laugh
    Synonym: cachinnō
    Antonym: fleō
  2. (transitive) to laugh at, ridicule, mock
    Synonyms: lūdificō, ēlūdō, trādūcō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of rīdeō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present rīdeō rīdēs rīdet rīdēmus rīdētis rīdent
imperfect rīdēbam rīdēbās rīdēbat rīdēbāmus rīdēbātis rīdēbant
future rīdēbō rīdēbis rīdēbit rīdēbimus rīdēbitis rīdēbunt
perfect rīsī rīsistī rīsit rīsimus rīsistis rīsērunt,
rīsēre
pluperfect rīseram rīserās rīserat rīserāmus rīserātis rīserant
future perfect rīserō rīseris rīserit rīserimus rīseritis rīserint
passive present rīdeor rīdēris,
rīdēre 		rīdētur rīdēmur rīdēminī rīdentur
imperfect rīdēbar rīdēbāris,
rīdēbāre 		rīdēbātur rīdēbāmur rīdēbāminī rīdēbantur
future rīdēbor rīdēberis,
rīdēbere 		rīdēbitur rīdēbimur rīdēbiminī rīdēbuntur
perfect rīsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect rīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect rīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present rīdeam rīdeās rīdeat rīdeāmus rīdeātis rīdeant
imperfect rīdērem rīdērēs rīdēret rīdērēmus rīdērētis rīdērent
perfect rīserim rīserīs rīserit rīserīmus rīserītis rīserint
pluperfect rīsissem rīsissēs rīsisset rīsissēmus rīsissētis rīsissent
passive present rīdear rīdeāris,
rīdeāre 		rīdeātur rīdeāmur rīdeāminī rīdeantur
imperfect rīdērer rīdērēris,
rīdērēre 		rīdērētur rīdērēmur rīdērēminī rīdērentur
perfect rīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect rīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — rīdē — — rīdēte —
future — rīdētō rīdētō — rīdētōte rīdentō
passive present — rīdēre — — rīdēminī —
future — rīdētor rīdētor — — rīdentor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present rīdēre rīdērī rīdēns —
future rīsūrum esse rīsum īrī rīsūrus rīdendus
perfect rīsisse rīsum esse — rīsus
future perfect — rīsum fore — —
perfect potential rīsūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
rīdendī rīdendō rīdendum rīdendō rīsum rīsū

Derived terms

Descendants

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant rīdĕre:[2]

  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: arãd, arãdu, ared
    • Megleno-Romanian: rǫd
    • Romanian: râde, rîde — old spelling
  • Insular Romance:
  • Dalmatian:
  • Italo-Romance:
  • North Italian:
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:

Reflexes of an assumed variant *rīdīre:[3]

  • Aragonese: redir, reyir, arreguir
  • Asturian: rir
  • Leonese: rire, reyire, riyire
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: riir
  • Spanish: reír

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2024) “The etymology of Latin rīdeō and a new PIE root”, in Glotta, volume 100, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 327–331
  2. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rīdēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 399
  3. ^ Williams, Edwin B. 1962. From Latin to Portuguese: Historical phonology and morphology of the Portuguese language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Page 232.

Further reading

  • “rideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “rideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • rideo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, volume II, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522

Spanish

Verb

rideo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of ridear
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