Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic وَرِثَ (wariṯa).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-rithi (infinitive kurithi)
- to inherit
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rithi
|
| Positive present
|
-narithi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rithi
|
| Negative
|
-rithi
|
| Imperative singular
|
rithi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kurithi
|
| Negative
|
kutorithi
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rithi
|
| Plural
|
rithini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurithi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirithi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurithi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narithi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarithi/narithi
|
tunarithi
|
| 2nd person
|
unarithi
|
mnarithi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarithi
|
wanarithi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narithi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rithi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirithi
|
haturithi
|
| 2nd person
|
hurithi
|
hamrithi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harithi
|
hawarithi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rithi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarithi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarithi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rithi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirithi
|
turithi
|
| 2nd person
|
urithi
|
mrithi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arithi
|
warithi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rithi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirithi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerithi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerithi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirithi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirithi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arithi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narithi
|
twarithi
|
| 2nd person
|
warithi
|
mwarithi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arithi
|
warithi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warithi
|
yarithi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larithi
|
yarithi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charithi
|
vyarithi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarithi
|
zarithi
|
| u(XI)
|
warithi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarithi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parithi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarithi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merithi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharithi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarithi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirithi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporithi
|
| Consecutive
|
karithi / positive subject concord + -karithi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karithi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirithi
|
-turithi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurithi
|
-warithi/-kurithini/-warithini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrithi
|
-warithi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urithi
|
-irithi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirithi
|
-yarithi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirithi
|
-virithi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irithi
|
-zirithi
|
| u(XI)
|
-urithi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurithi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parithi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murithi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirithi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rithi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rithiye
|
-rithio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rithio
|
-rithiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rithilo
|
-rithiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rithicho
|
-rithivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rithiyo
|
-rithizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rithio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rithiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rithipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rithimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rithi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerithi
|
-orithi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orithi
|
-yorithi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorithi
|
-yorithi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorithi
|
-vyorithi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorithi
|
-zorithi
|
| u(XI)
|
-orithi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korithi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porithi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morithi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302 Nr. 2911