Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic رَدَفَ (radafa).
Verb
-rudufu (infinitive kurudufu)
- to double
- to duplicate, to make a copy
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rudufu
|
| Positive present
|
-narudufu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rudufu
|
| Negative
|
-rudufu
|
| Imperative singular
|
rudufu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rudufu
|
| Plural
|
rudufuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurudufu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirudufu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurudufu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudufu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarudufu/narudufu
|
tunarudufu
|
| 2nd person
|
unarudufu
|
mnarudufu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarudufu
|
wanarudufu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narudufu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudufu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirudufu
|
haturudufu
|
| 2nd person
|
hurudufu
|
hamrudufu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harudufu
|
hawarudufu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rudufu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarudufu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarudufu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudufu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirudufu
|
turudufu
|
| 2nd person
|
urudufu
|
mrudufu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudufu
|
warudufu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rudufu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirudufu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerudufu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerudufu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirudufu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirudufu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudufu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narudufu
|
twarudufu
|
| 2nd person
|
warudufu
|
mwarudufu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudufu
|
warudufu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warudufu
|
yarudufu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larudufu
|
yarudufu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charudufu
|
vyarudufu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarudufu
|
zarudufu
|
| u(XI)
|
warudufu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarudufu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parudufu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarudufu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merudufu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharudufu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarudufu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirudufu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporudufu
|
| Consecutive
|
karudufu / positive subject concord + -karudufu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karudufu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirudufu
|
-turudufu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurudufu
|
-warudufu/-kurudufuni/-warudufuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrudufu
|
-warudufu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urudufu
|
-irudufu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirudufu
|
-yarudufu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirudufu
|
-virudufu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irudufu
|
-zirudufu
|
| u(XI)
|
-urudufu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurudufu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parudufu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murudufu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirudufu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rudufu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rudufuye
|
-rudufuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rudufuo
|
-rudufuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rudufulo
|
-rudufuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rudufucho
|
-rudufuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rudufuyo
|
-rudufuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rudufuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rudufuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rudufupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rudufumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rudufu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerudufu
|
-orudufu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orudufu
|
-yorudufu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorudufu
|
-yorudufu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorudufu
|
-vyorudufu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorudufu
|
-zorudufu
|
| u(XI)
|
-orudufu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korudufu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porudufu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morudufu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms