Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-rukwa (infinitive kurukwa)
- Passive form of -ruka
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rukwa
|
| Positive present
|
-narukwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rukwe
|
| Negative
|
-rukwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
rukwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kurukwa
|
| Negative
|
kutorukwa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rukwa
|
| Plural
|
rukweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurukwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirukwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurukwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narukwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarukwa/narukwa
|
tunarukwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unarukwa
|
mnarukwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarukwa
|
wanarukwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narukwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rukwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirukwi
|
haturukwi
|
| 2nd person
|
hurukwi
|
hamrukwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harukwi
|
hawarukwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rukwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarukwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarukwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rukwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirukwe
|
turukwe
|
| 2nd person
|
urukwe
|
mrukwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arukwe
|
warukwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rukwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirukwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerukwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerukwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirukwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirukwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arukwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narukwa
|
twarukwa
|
| 2nd person
|
warukwa
|
mwarukwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arukwa
|
warukwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warukwa
|
yarukwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larukwa
|
yarukwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charukwa
|
vyarukwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarukwa
|
zarukwa
|
| u(XI)
|
warukwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarukwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parukwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarukwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merukwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharukwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarukwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirukwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporukwa
|
| Consecutive
|
karukwa / positive subject concord + -karukwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karukwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirukwa
|
-turukwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurukwa
|
-warukwa/-kurukweni/-warukweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrukwa
|
-warukwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urukwa
|
-irukwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirukwa
|
-yarukwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirukwa
|
-virukwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irukwa
|
-zirukwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-urukwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurukwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parukwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murukwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirukwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rukwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rukwaye
|
-rukwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rukwao
|
-rukwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rukwalo
|
-rukwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rukwacho
|
-rukwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rukwayo
|
-rukwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rukwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rukwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rukwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rukwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rukwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerukwa
|
-orukwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orukwa
|
-yorukwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorukwa
|
-yorukwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorukwa
|
-vyorukwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorukwa
|
-zorukwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-orukwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korukwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porukwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morukwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms