Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-rutubisha (infinitive kurutubisha)
- Causative form of rutuba: to make damp; fertilize
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rutubisha
|
| Positive present
|
-narutubisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rutubishe
|
| Negative
|
-rutubishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
rutubisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rutubisha
|
| Plural
|
rutubisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurutubisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirutubisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurutubisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narutubisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarutubisha/narutubisha
|
tunarutubisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unarutubisha
|
mnarutubisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarutubisha
|
wanarutubisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narutubisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rutubishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirutubishi
|
haturutubishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hurutubishi
|
hamrutubishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harutubishi
|
hawarutubishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rutubishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarutubisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarutubisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rutubishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirutubishe
|
turutubishe
|
| 2nd person
|
urutubishe
|
mrutubishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arutubishe
|
warutubishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rutubishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirutubishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerutubisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerutubisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirutubisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirutubisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arutubisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narutubisha
|
twarutubisha
|
| 2nd person
|
warutubisha
|
mwarutubisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arutubisha
|
warutubisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warutubisha
|
yarutubisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larutubisha
|
yarutubisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charutubisha
|
vyarutubisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarutubisha
|
zarutubisha
|
| u(XI)
|
warutubisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarutubisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parutubisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarutubisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merutubisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharutubisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarutubisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirutubisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporutubisha
|
| Consecutive
|
karutubisha / positive subject concord + -karutubisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karutubishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirutubisha
|
-turutubisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurutubisha
|
-warutubisha/-kurutubisheni/-warutubisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrutubisha
|
-warutubisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urutubisha
|
-irutubisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirutubisha
|
-yarutubisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirutubisha
|
-virutubisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irutubisha
|
-zirutubisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-urutubisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurutubisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parutubisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murutubisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirutubisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rutubisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rutubishaye
|
-rutubishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rutubishao
|
-rutubishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rutubishalo
|
-rutubishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rutubishacho
|
-rutubishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rutubishayo
|
-rutubishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rutubishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rutubishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rutubishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rutubishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rutubisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerutubisha
|
-orutubisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orutubisha
|
-yorutubisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorutubisha
|
-yorutubisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorutubisha
|
-vyorutubisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorutubisha
|
-zorutubisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-orutubisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korutubisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porutubisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morutubisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms