servio

See also: Servio and sérvio

Latin

Etymology

    By surface analysis, servus (“slave, servant”) +‎ -iō. Perhaps from Proto-Italic *serw-jō, itself related to *serwos. Possibly cognate with Umbrian 𐌑𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌕𐌖 (seritu) and Pre-Samnite οσερϝια(τοδ) (oserwia(tod)).[1][2]

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    serviō (present infinitive servīre, perfect active servīvī or serviī, supine servītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive

    1. to be a slave to; to serve [with dative]
      Synonyms: oboediō, appāreō
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.103-104:
        “[...] Liceat Phrygiō servīre marītō,
        dōtālīsque tuae Tyriōs permittere dextrae.”
        “[This arrangement will] permit [Dido] to be enslaved to her Phrygian husband [Aeneas], and — as her dowry — to surrender the Tyrians into your hands.”
        (Juno mocks Dido and insults Venus’s son, Aeneas, yet tries to tempt Venus with shared dominion over Carthage.)
      • Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII
        Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.
        No one is free who is a slave to his body.
    2. to be devoted to, subject to [with dative]
      Synonyms: dēdō, studeō
    3. to have respect to, regard or care for, consult
      Synonyms: cōnsulō, cūrō, accūrō, cōnsultō, colō, respiciō
    4. to aim at
      Synonyms: tendō, intendō, spectō, quaerō, affectō

    Conjugation

    The only passive forms found for this verb are third-person singular.

       Conjugation of serviō (fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present serviō servīs servit servīmus servītis serviunt
    imperfect serviēbam,
    servībam     		serviēbās,
    servībās     		serviēbat,
    servībat     		serviēbāmus,
    servībāmus     		serviēbātis,
    servībātis     		serviēbant,
    servībant
    future serviam,
    servībō     		serviēs,
    servībis     		serviet,
    servībit     		serviēmus,
    servībimus     		serviētis,
    servībitis     		servient,
    servībunt
    perfect servīvī,
    serviī     		servīvistī,
    servīstī,
    serviistī     		servīvit,
    servīt,
    serviit     		servīvimus,
    servīmus,
    serviimus     		servīvistis,
    servīstis,
    serviistis     		servīvērunt,
    servērunt,
    servīvēre,
    servēre,
    serviērunt,
    serviēre
    pluperfect servīveram,
    servīram,
    servieram     		servīverās,
    servīrās,
    servierās     		servīverat,
    servīrat,
    servierat     		servīverāmus,
    servīrāmus,
    servierāmus     		servīverātis,
    servīrātis,
    servierātis     		servīverant,
    servīrant,
    servierant
    future perfect servīverō,
    servīrō,
    servierō     		servīveris,
    servīris,
    servieris     		servīverit,
    servīrit,
    servierit     		servīverimus,
    servīrimus,
    servierimus     		servīveritis,
    servīritis,
    servieritis     		servīverint,
    servīrint,
    servierint
    passive present — — servītur — — —
    imperfect — — serviēbātur — — —
    future — — serviētur — — —
    perfect — — servītum est — — —
    pluperfect — — servītum erat — — —
    future perfect — — servītum erit — — —
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present serviam serviās serviat serviāmus serviātis serviant
    imperfect servīrem servīrēs servīret servīrēmus servīrētis servīrent
    perfect servīverim,
    servīrim,
    servierim     		servīverīs,
    servīrīs,
    servierīs     		servīverit,
    servīrit,
    servierit     		servīverīmus,
    servīrīmus,
    servierīmus     		servīverītis,
    servīrītis,
    servierītis     		servīverint,
    servīrint,
    servierint
    pluperfect servīvissem,
    servīssem,
    serviissem     		servīvissēs,
    servīssēs,
    serviissēs     		servīvisset,
    servīsset,
    serviisset     		servīvissēmus,
    servīssēmus,
    serviissēmus     		servīvissētis,
    servīssētis,
    serviissētis     		servīvissent,
    servīssent,
    serviissent
    passive present — — serviātur — — —
    imperfect — — servīrētur — — —
    perfect — — servītum sit — — —
    pluperfect — — servītum esset — — —
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — servī — — servīte —
    future — servītō servītō — servītōte serviuntō
    passive future — — servītor — — —
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present servīre servīrī serviēns —
    future servītūrum esse servītum īrī servītūrus serviendum,
    serviundum
    perfect servīvisse,
    servīsse,
    serviisse     		servītum esse — servītum
    future perfect — servītum fore — —
    perfect potential servītūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    serviendī serviendō serviendum serviendō servītum servītū

    Descendants

    See also

    References

    1. ^ Matteo Calabrese (2021) “The sacred law from Tortora”, in Latomus‎[1] (in Pre-Samnite), volume 80, Société d’études latines de Bruxelles, →DOI, pages 30-32
    2. ^ Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium‎[2], Baltimore: American Philological Association
    • “servio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “servio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • servio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
      • to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare: commodis alicuius servire
      • to have regard for one's good name: famae servire, consulere
      • to be the slave of one's desires: cupiditatibus servire, pārēre
      • to be careful of one's dignity: dignitati suae servire, consulere
      • (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
    • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 559
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