Swahili
Etymology
From -shika (“to hold”) + -ilia.
Verb
-shikilia (infinitive kushikilia)
- to hold tight, to clutch
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shikilia
|
| Positive present
|
-nashikilia
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shikilie
|
| Negative
|
-shikilii
|
| Imperative singular
|
shikilia
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shikilia
|
| Plural
|
shikilieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushikilia
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishikilia
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushikilia
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashikilia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashikilia/nashikilia
|
tunashikilia
|
| 2nd person
|
unashikilia
|
mnashikilia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashikilia
|
wanashikilia
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashikilia
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shikilii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishikilii
|
hatushikilii
|
| 2nd person
|
hushikilii
|
hamshikilii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashikilii
|
hawashikilii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shikilii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashikilia
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashikilia
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shikilie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishikilie
|
tushikilie
|
| 2nd person
|
ushikilie
|
mshikilie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashikilie
|
washikilie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shikilie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishikilie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshikilia
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshikilia
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishikilia
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishikilia
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashikilia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashikilia
|
twashikilia
|
| 2nd person
|
washikilia
|
mwashikilia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashikilia
|
washikilia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washikilia
|
yashikilia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashikilia
|
yashikilia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashikilia
|
vyashikilia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashikilia
|
zashikilia
|
| u(XI)
|
washikilia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashikilia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashikilia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashikilia
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshikilia
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashikilia
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashikilia
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishikilia
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhikilia
|
| Consecutive
|
kashikilia / positive subject concord + -kashikilia
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashikilie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishikilia
|
-tushikilia
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushikilia
|
-washikilia/-kushikilieni/-washikilieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshikilia
|
-washikilia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushikilia
|
-ishikilia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishikilia
|
-yashikilia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishikilia
|
-vishikilia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishikilia
|
-zishikilia
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushikilia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushikilia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashikilia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushikilia
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishikilia
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shikilia- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shikiliaye
|
-shikiliao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shikiliao
|
-shikiliayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shikilialo
|
-shikiliayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shikiliacho
|
-shikiliavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shikiliayo
|
-shikiliazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shikiliao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shikiliako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shikiliapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shikiliamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shikilia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshikilia
|
-oshikilia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshikilia
|
-yoshikilia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshikilia
|
-yoshikilia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshikilia
|
-vyoshikilia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshikilia
|
-zoshikilia
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshikilia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshikilia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshikilia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshikilia
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms