Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-shindana (infinitive kushindana)
- Reciprocal form of -shinda: to compete, contend
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shindana
|
| Positive present
|
-nashindana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shindane
|
| Negative
|
-shindani
|
| Imperative singular
|
shindana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shindana
|
| Plural
|
shindaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushindana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishindana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushindana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashindana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashindana/nashindana
|
tunashindana
|
| 2nd person
|
unashindana
|
mnashindana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashindana
|
wanashindana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashindana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishindani
|
hatushindani
|
| 2nd person
|
hushindani
|
hamshindani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashindani
|
hawashindani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shindani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashindana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashindana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shindane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishindane
|
tushindane
|
| 2nd person
|
ushindane
|
mshindane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashindane
|
washindane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shindane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishindane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshindana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshindana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishindana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishindana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashindana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashindana
|
twashindana
|
| 2nd person
|
washindana
|
mwashindana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashindana
|
washindana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washindana
|
yashindana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashindana
|
yashindana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashindana
|
vyashindana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashindana
|
zashindana
|
| u(XI)
|
washindana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashindana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashindana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashindana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshindana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashindana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashindana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishindana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhindana
|
| Consecutive
|
kashindana / positive subject concord + -kashindana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashindane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -shindana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shindanaye
|
-shindanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shindanao
|
-shindanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shindanalo
|
-shindanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shindanacho
|
-shindanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shindanayo
|
-shindanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shindanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shindanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shindanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shindanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -shindana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshindana
|
-oshindana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshindana
|
-yoshindana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshindana
|
-yoshindana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshindana
|
-vyoshindana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshindana
|
-zoshindana
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshindana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshindana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshindana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshindana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
See also