Japanese
Romanization
shinda
- Rōmaji transcription of しんだ
Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu [Term?].[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-shinda (infinitive kushinda)
- to win
- to conquer, to overpower
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shinda
|
| Positive present
|
-nashinda
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shinde
|
| Negative
|
-shindi
|
| Imperative singular
|
shinda
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shinda
|
| Plural
|
shindeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushinda
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishinda
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushinda
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashinda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashinda/nashinda
|
tunashinda
|
| 2nd person
|
unashinda
|
mnashinda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashinda
|
wanashinda
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashinda
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishindi
|
hatushindi
|
| 2nd person
|
hushindi
|
hamshindi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashindi
|
hawashindi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shindi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashinda
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashinda
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shinde)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishinde
|
tushinde
|
| 2nd person
|
ushinde
|
mshinde
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashinde
|
washinde
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shinde
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishinde
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshinda
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshinda
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishinda
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishinda
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashinda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashinda
|
twashinda
|
| 2nd person
|
washinda
|
mwashinda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashinda
|
washinda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washinda
|
yashinda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashinda
|
yashinda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashinda
|
vyashinda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashinda
|
zashinda
|
| u(XI)
|
washinda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashinda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashinda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashinda
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshinda
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashinda
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashinda
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishinda
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhinda
|
| Consecutive
|
kashinda / positive subject concord + -kashinda
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashinde
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishinda
|
-tushinda
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushinda
|
-washinda/-kushindeni/-washindeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshinda
|
-washinda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushinda
|
-ishinda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishinda
|
-yashinda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishinda
|
-vishinda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishinda
|
-zishinda
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushinda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushinda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashinda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushinda
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishinda
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shinda- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shindaye
|
-shindao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shindao
|
-shindayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shindalo
|
-shindayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shindacho
|
-shindavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shindayo
|
-shindazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shindao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shindako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shindapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shindamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shinda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshinda
|
-oshinda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshinda
|
-yoshinda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshinda
|
-yoshinda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshinda
|
-vyoshinda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshinda
|
-zoshinda
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshinda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshinda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshinda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshinda
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Polomé, Edgar C. (1967) Swahili Language Handbook (Language Handbook Series)[1], Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics, page 14: “Bantu */kinda/ → Swahili shinda 'exceed, overcome' (with [š] from /k/ before /i/).”