Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-shindwa (infinitive kushindwa)
- Passive form of -shinda: to lose, be beaten
- Synonym: -fungwa
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shindwa
|
| Positive present
|
-nashindwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shindwe
|
| Negative
|
-shindwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
shindwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shindwa
|
| Plural
|
shindweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushindwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishindwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushindwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashindwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashindwa/nashindwa
|
tunashindwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unashindwa
|
mnashindwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashindwa
|
wanashindwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashindwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishindwi
|
hatushindwi
|
| 2nd person
|
hushindwi
|
hamshindwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashindwi
|
hawashindwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shindwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashindwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashindwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shindwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishindwe
|
tushindwe
|
| 2nd person
|
ushindwe
|
mshindwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashindwe
|
washindwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shindwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishindwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshindwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshindwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishindwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishindwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashindwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashindwa
|
twashindwa
|
| 2nd person
|
washindwa
|
mwashindwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashindwa
|
washindwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washindwa
|
yashindwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashindwa
|
yashindwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashindwa
|
vyashindwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashindwa
|
zashindwa
|
| u(XI)
|
washindwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashindwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashindwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashindwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshindwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashindwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashindwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishindwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhindwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kashindwa / positive subject concord + -kashindwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashindwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishindwa
|
-tushindwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushindwa
|
-washindwa/-kushindweni/-washindweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshindwa
|
-washindwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushindwa
|
-ishindwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishindwa
|
-yashindwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishindwa
|
-vishindwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishindwa
|
-zishindwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushindwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushindwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashindwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushindwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishindwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shindwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shindwaye
|
-shindwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shindwao
|
-shindwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shindwalo
|
-shindwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shindwacho
|
-shindwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shindwayo
|
-shindwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shindwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shindwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shindwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shindwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shindwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshindwa
|
-oshindwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshindwa
|
-yoshindwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshindwa
|
-yoshindwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshindwa
|
-vyoshindwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshindwa
|
-zoshindwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshindwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshindwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshindwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshindwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms