Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic اِشْتَكَى (ištakā).
Pronunciation
Verb
-shtaki (infinitive kushtaki)
- to accuse
- to charge (accuse of a crime)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shtaki
|
| Positive present
|
-nashtaki
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shtaki
|
| Negative
|
-shtaki
|
| Imperative singular
|
shtaki
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shtaki
|
| Plural
|
shtakini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushtaki
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishtaki
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushtaki
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtaki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashtaki/nashtaki
|
tunashtaki
|
| 2nd person
|
unashtaki
|
mnashtaki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashtaki
|
wanashtaki
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashtaki
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtaki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishtaki
|
hatushtaki
|
| 2nd person
|
hushtaki
|
hamshtaki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashtaki
|
hawashtaki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shtaki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashtaki
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashtaki
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtaki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishtaki
|
tushtaki
|
| 2nd person
|
ushtaki
|
mshtaki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashtaki
|
washtaki
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shtaki
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishtaki
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshtaki
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshtaki
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishtaki
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishtaki
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtaki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashtaki
|
twashtaki
|
| 2nd person
|
washtaki
|
mwashtaki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashtaki
|
washtaki
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washtaki
|
yashtaki
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashtaki
|
yashtaki
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashtaki
|
vyashtaki
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashtaki
|
zashtaki
|
| u(XI)
|
washtaki
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashtaki
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashtaki
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashtaki
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshtaki
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashtaki
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashtaki
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishtaki
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhtaki
|
| Consecutive
|
kashtaki / positive subject concord + -kashtaki
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashtaki
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishtaki
|
-tushtaki
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushtaki
|
-washtaki/-kushtakini/-washtakini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshtaki
|
-washtaki
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushtaki
|
-ishtaki
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishtaki
|
-yashtaki
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishtaki
|
-vishtaki
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishtaki
|
-zishtaki
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushtaki
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushtaki
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashtaki
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushtaki
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishtaki
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtaki- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shtakiye
|
-shtakio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shtakio
|
-shtakiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shtakilo
|
-shtakiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shtakicho
|
-shtakivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shtakiyo
|
-shtakizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shtakio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shtakiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shtakipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shtakimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtaki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshtaki
|
-oshtaki
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshtaki
|
-yoshtaki
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshtaki
|
-yoshtaki
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshtaki
|
-vyoshtaki
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshtaki
|
-zoshtaki
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshtaki
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshtaki
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshtaki
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshtaki
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -shtakia
- Passive: -shtakiwa
- Reciprocal: -shtakiana
- Stative: -shtakika
- shtaka (“charge, accusation, complaint”)