shtumu

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-shtumu (infinitive kushtumu)

  1. alternative form of -shutumu

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtumu
Positive present -nashtumu
Subjunctive -shtumu
Negative -shtumu
Imperative singular shtumu
Infinitives
Positive kushtumu
Negative kutoshtumu
Imperatives
Singular shtumu
Plural shtumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushtumu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishtumu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushtumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtumu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashtumu/nashtumu tunashtumu
2nd person unashtumu mnashtumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashtumu wanashtumu
other classes positive subject concord + -nashtumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtumu)
Singular Plural
1st person sishtumu hatushtumu
2nd person hushtumu hamshtumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashtumu hawashtumu
other classes negative subject concord + -shtumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashtumu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashtumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nishtumu tushtumu
2nd person ushtumu mshtumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtumu washtumu
other classes positive subject concord + -shtumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishtumu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshtumu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshtumu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishtumu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishtumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nashtumu twashtumu
2nd person washtumu mwashtumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtumu washtumu
m-mi(III/IV) washtumu yashtumu
ji-ma(V/VI) lashtumu yashtumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashtumu vyashtumu
n(IX/X) yashtumu zashtumu
u(XI) washtumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashtumu
pa(XVI) pashtumu
mu(XVIII) mwashtumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshtumu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashtumu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashtumu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishtumu
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhtumu
Consecutive kashtumu / positive subject concord + -kashtumu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashtumu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishtumu -tushtumu
2nd person -kushtumu -washtumu/-kushtumuni/-washtumuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshtumu -washtumu
m-mi(III/IV) -ushtumu -ishtumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishtumu -yashtumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishtumu -vishtumu
n(IX/X) -ishtumu -zishtumu
u(XI) -ushtumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushtumu
pa(XVI) -pashtumu
mu(XVIII) -mushtumu
Reflexive -jishtumu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtumu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shtumuye -shtumuo
m-mi(III/IV) -shtumuo -shtumuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shtumulo -shtumuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shtumucho -shtumuvyo
n(IX/X) -shtumuyo -shtumuzo
u(XI) -shtumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shtumuko
pa(XVI) -shtumupo
mu(XVIII) -shtumumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtumu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshtumu -oshtumu
m-mi(III/IV) -oshtumu -yoshtumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshtumu -yoshtumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshtumu -vyoshtumu
n(IX/X) -yoshtumu -zoshtumu
u(XI) -oshtumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshtumu
pa(XVI) -poshtumu
mu(XVIII) -moshtumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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