Swahili
Etymology
Probably from Arabic شَتَمَ (šatama, “to berate, insult, curse”).
Pronunciation
Verb
-shutumu (infinitive kushutumu)
- to accuse
- to denounce (to criticize or speak out against), reproach
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shutumu
|
| Positive present
|
-nashutumu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shutumu
|
| Negative
|
-shutumu
|
| Imperative singular
|
shutumu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shutumu
|
| Plural
|
shutumuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushutumu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishutumu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushutumu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashutumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashutumu/nashutumu
|
tunashutumu
|
| 2nd person
|
unashutumu
|
mnashutumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashutumu
|
wanashutumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashutumu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shutumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishutumu
|
hatushutumu
|
| 2nd person
|
hushutumu
|
hamshutumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashutumu
|
hawashutumu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shutumu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashutumu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashutumu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shutumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishutumu
|
tushutumu
|
| 2nd person
|
ushutumu
|
mshutumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashutumu
|
washutumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shutumu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishutumu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshutumu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshutumu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishutumu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishutumu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashutumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashutumu
|
twashutumu
|
| 2nd person
|
washutumu
|
mwashutumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashutumu
|
washutumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washutumu
|
yashutumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashutumu
|
yashutumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashutumu
|
vyashutumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashutumu
|
zashutumu
|
| u(XI)
|
washutumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashutumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashutumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashutumu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshutumu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashutumu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashutumu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishutumu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhutumu
|
| Consecutive
|
kashutumu / positive subject concord + -kashutumu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashutumu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishutumu
|
-tushutumu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushutumu
|
-washutumu/-kushutumuni/-washutumuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshutumu
|
-washutumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushutumu
|
-ishutumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishutumu
|
-yashutumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishutumu
|
-vishutumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishutumu
|
-zishutumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushutumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushutumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashutumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushutumu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishutumu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shutumu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shutumuye
|
-shutumuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shutumuo
|
-shutumuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shutumulo
|
-shutumuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shutumucho
|
-shutumuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shutumuyo
|
-shutumuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shutumuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shutumuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shutumupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shutumumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shutumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshutumu
|
-oshutumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshutumu
|
-yoshutumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshutumu
|
-yoshutumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshutumu
|
-vyoshutumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshutumu
|
-zoshutumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshutumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshutumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshutumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshutumu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms