Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-shtusha (infinitive kushtusha)
- Causative form of -shtua
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shtusha
|
| Positive present
|
-nashtusha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shtushe
|
| Negative
|
-shtushi
|
| Imperative singular
|
shtusha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shtusha
|
| Plural
|
shtusheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushtusha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishtusha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushtusha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtusha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashtusha/nashtusha
|
tunashtusha
|
| 2nd person
|
unashtusha
|
mnashtusha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashtusha
|
wanashtusha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashtusha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtushi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishtushi
|
hatushtushi
|
| 2nd person
|
hushtushi
|
hamshtushi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashtushi
|
hawashtushi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shtushi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashtusha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashtusha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtushe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishtushe
|
tushtushe
|
| 2nd person
|
ushtushe
|
mshtushe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashtushe
|
washtushe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shtushe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishtushe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshtusha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshtusha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishtusha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishtusha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtusha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashtusha
|
twashtusha
|
| 2nd person
|
washtusha
|
mwashtusha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashtusha
|
washtusha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washtusha
|
yashtusha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashtusha
|
yashtusha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashtusha
|
vyashtusha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashtusha
|
zashtusha
|
| u(XI)
|
washtusha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashtusha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashtusha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashtusha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshtusha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashtusha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashtusha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishtusha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhtusha
|
| Consecutive
|
kashtusha / positive subject concord + -kashtusha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashtushe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishtusha
|
-tushtusha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushtusha
|
-washtusha/-kushtusheni/-washtusheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshtusha
|
-washtusha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushtusha
|
-ishtusha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishtusha
|
-yashtusha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishtusha
|
-vishtusha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishtusha
|
-zishtusha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushtusha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushtusha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashtusha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushtusha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishtusha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtusha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shtushaye
|
-shtushao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shtushao
|
-shtushayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shtushalo
|
-shtushayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shtushacho
|
-shtushavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shtushayo
|
-shtushazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shtushao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shtushako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shtushapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shtushamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtusha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshtusha
|
-oshtusha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshtusha
|
-yoshtusha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshtusha
|
-yoshtusha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshtusha
|
-vyoshtusha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshtusha
|
-zoshtusha
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshtusha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshtusha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshtusha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshtusha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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