Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-shtua (infinitive kushtua)
- to shock, startle
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shtua
|
| Positive present
|
-nashtua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shtue
|
| Negative
|
-shtui
|
| Imperative singular
|
shtua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kushtua
|
| Negative
|
kutoshtua
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shtua
|
| Plural
|
shtueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushtua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishtua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushtua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashtua/nashtua
|
tunashtua
|
| 2nd person
|
unashtua
|
mnashtua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashtua
|
wanashtua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashtua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishtui
|
hatushtui
|
| 2nd person
|
hushtui
|
hamshtui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashtui
|
hawashtui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shtui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashtua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashtua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishtue
|
tushtue
|
| 2nd person
|
ushtue
|
mshtue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashtue
|
washtue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shtue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishtue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshtua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshtua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishtua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishtua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashtua
|
twashtua
|
| 2nd person
|
washtua
|
mwashtua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashtua
|
washtua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washtua
|
yashtua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashtua
|
yashtua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashtua
|
vyashtua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashtua
|
zashtua
|
| u(XI)
|
washtua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashtua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashtua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashtua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshtua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashtua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashtua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishtua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhtua
|
| Consecutive
|
kashtua / positive subject concord + -kashtua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashtue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishtua
|
-tushtua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushtua
|
-washtua/-kushtueni/-washtueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshtua
|
-washtua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushtua
|
-ishtua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishtua
|
-yashtua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishtua
|
-vishtua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishtua
|
-zishtua
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushtua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushtua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashtua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushtua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishtua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shtuaye
|
-shtuao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shtuao
|
-shtuayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shtualo
|
-shtuayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shtuacho
|
-shtuavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shtuayo
|
-shtuazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shtuao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shtuako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shtuapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shtuamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshtua
|
-oshtua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshtua
|
-yoshtua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshtua
|
-yoshtua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshtua
|
-vyoshtua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshtua
|
-zoshtua
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshtua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshtua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshtua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshtua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms