Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic شُهُود (šuhūd).
Pronunciation
Verb
-shuhudia (infinitive kushuhudia)
- to witness
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shuhudia
|
| Positive present
|
-nashuhudia
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shuhudie
|
| Negative
|
-shuhudii
|
| Imperative singular
|
shuhudia
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shuhudia
|
| Plural
|
shuhudieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushuhudia
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishuhudia
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushuhudia
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashuhudia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashuhudia/nashuhudia
|
tunashuhudia
|
| 2nd person
|
unashuhudia
|
mnashuhudia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashuhudia
|
wanashuhudia
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashuhudia
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shuhudii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishuhudii
|
hatushuhudii
|
| 2nd person
|
hushuhudii
|
hamshuhudii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashuhudii
|
hawashuhudii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shuhudii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashuhudia
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashuhudia
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shuhudie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishuhudie
|
tushuhudie
|
| 2nd person
|
ushuhudie
|
mshuhudie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashuhudie
|
washuhudie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shuhudie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishuhudie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshuhudia
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshuhudia
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishuhudia
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishuhudia
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashuhudia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashuhudia
|
twashuhudia
|
| 2nd person
|
washuhudia
|
mwashuhudia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashuhudia
|
washuhudia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washuhudia
|
yashuhudia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashuhudia
|
yashuhudia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashuhudia
|
vyashuhudia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashuhudia
|
zashuhudia
|
| u(XI)
|
washuhudia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashuhudia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashuhudia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashuhudia
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshuhudia
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashuhudia
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashuhudia
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishuhudia
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhuhudia
|
| Consecutive
|
kashuhudia / positive subject concord + -kashuhudia
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashuhudie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishuhudia
|
-tushuhudia
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushuhudia
|
-washuhudia/-kushuhudieni/-washuhudieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshuhudia
|
-washuhudia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushuhudia
|
-ishuhudia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishuhudia
|
-yashuhudia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishuhudia
|
-vishuhudia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishuhudia
|
-zishuhudia
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushuhudia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushuhudia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashuhudia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushuhudia
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishuhudia
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shuhudia- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shuhudiaye
|
-shuhudiao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shuhudiao
|
-shuhudiayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shuhudialo
|
-shuhudiayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shuhudiacho
|
-shuhudiavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shuhudiayo
|
-shuhudiazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shuhudiao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shuhudiako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shuhudiapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shuhudiamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shuhudia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshuhudia
|
-oshuhudia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshuhudia
|
-yoshuhudia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshuhudia
|
-yoshuhudia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshuhudia
|
-vyoshuhudia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshuhudia
|
-zoshuhudia
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshuhudia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshuhudia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshuhudia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshuhudia
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms