Swahili
Etymology
From -suka (“to plait, to braid”) + -ta.[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-sokota (infinitive kusokota)
- to twist, twine
- to roll (of a cigarette)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -sokota
|
| Positive present
|
-nasokota
|
| Subjunctive
|
-sokote
|
| Negative
|
-sokoti
|
| Imperative singular
|
sokota
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
sokota
|
| Plural
|
sokoteni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husokota
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisokota
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusokota
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasokota)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasokota/nasokota
|
tunasokota
|
| 2nd person
|
unasokota
|
mnasokota
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasokota
|
wanasokota
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasokota
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -sokoti)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisokoti
|
hatusokoti
|
| 2nd person
|
husokoti
|
hamsokoti
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasokoti
|
hawasokoti
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -sokoti
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasokota
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasokota
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sokote)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisokote
|
tusokote
|
| 2nd person
|
usokote
|
msokote
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asokote
|
wasokote
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -sokote
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisokote
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesokota
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesokota
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisokota
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisokota
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asokota)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasokota
|
twasokota
|
| 2nd person
|
wasokota
|
mwasokota
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asokota
|
wasokota
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasokota
|
yasokota
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasokota
|
yasokota
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasokota
|
vyasokota
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasokota
|
zasokota
|
| u(XI)
|
wasokota
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasokota
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasokota
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasokota
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesokota
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasokota
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasokota
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisokota
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposokota
|
| Consecutive
|
kasokota / positive subject concord + -kasokota
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasokote
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisokota
|
-tusokota
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusokota
|
-wasokota/-kusokoteni/-wasokoteni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msokota
|
-wasokota
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usokota
|
-isokota
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisokota
|
-yasokota
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisokota
|
-visokota
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isokota
|
-zisokota
|
| u(XI)
|
-usokota
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusokota
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasokota
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musokota
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisokota
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -sokota- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-sokotaye
|
-sokotao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sokotao
|
-sokotayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-sokotalo
|
-sokotayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sokotacho
|
-sokotavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-sokotayo
|
-sokotazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-sokotao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-sokotako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-sokotapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-sokotamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -sokota)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesokota
|
-osokota
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osokota
|
-yosokota
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losokota
|
-yosokota
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosokota
|
-vyosokota
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosokota
|
-zosokota
|
| u(XI)
|
-osokota
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosokota
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posokota
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosokota
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Ashton, E. O. (1944) Swahili Grammar (including Intonation), London: Longmans, Green & Co, page 238.