suka

suka f

1. inflection of sukë:
   1. definite nominative singular
   2. indefinite nominative/accusative plural

suka

1. (anatomy) bone

Borrowed from Russian сука (suka).

suka (definite accusative sukanı, plural sukalar)

1. (vulgar, offensive) bitch (contemptible person, usually but not necessarily female)
2. (prison slang) snitch, inmate who collaborates with prison administration

• “suka” in Obastan.com.

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suka₂ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka, and Tausug suka.

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka]

súka

1. vomit; puke

   Synonyms: digwa, sukalkag

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Ilocano suka, Maranao soka' and Tausug suka'.

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈsu.kaʔ]

sukà

1. vinegar

From Proto-Philippine *suka.

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• (Standard Cebuano) IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈs̪u.kɐ]
• Rhymes: -a

suka

1. vomit

suka

1. to vomit; to puke
2. (figuratively) to squeal; to reveal a secret

• dugso

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).^[1]First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• (Standard Cebuano) IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈs̪u.kɐʔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a

suka

1. vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid

suka

1. genitive singular of sukk

From English sugar.

suka

1. sugar

From Proto-Finnic *suka, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śuka, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “awn (of grain)”)). Alternative theory suggests more recent borrowing from Baltic (compare Latvian suka). Cognate with Kildin Sami чоагкь (čågk’), Erzya сюва (śuva).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Syllabification^(key): su‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): su‧ka

suka

1. A (coarse) brush, especially one used for brushing animals, such as a currycomb for grooming horses.
2. (botany) synonym of sukanen

• harja

• “suka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• -ksua, Saku, saku

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

suka (plural sukaaɓe ɓe)

1. (Pular) young man, young person

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Tagalog suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug sukaꞌ.

• IPA^(key): /suˈka/ [suˈka]
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

suká

1. vinegar

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: su‧ka

suka (plural suka-suka)

1. pleasure

suka (base-imperative locative suka, active locative menyukai, ordinary passive locative disukai)

1. like

   Synonyms: senang, gemar

   Dia suka memasak. ― She likes to cook.

2. love

   Synonyms: gemar, cinta

3. (preceding a verb) often

   Di sini suka banjir. ― This area is often flooded.

   Toilet suka macet. ― The toilet often gets clogged.

   Dia suka lupa membawa tasnya. ― He often forgets to take his bag.

• “suka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

From Proto-Finnic *suka. Cognates include Finnish suka and Estonian suga.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈʃuɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

suka

1. comb

Declension of suka (type 3/koira, k- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	suka	suat
genitive	suan	sukkiin
partitive	sukkaa	sukkia
illative	sukkaa	sukkii
inessive	suas	suis
elative	suast	suist
allative	sualle	suille
adessive	sual	suil
ablative	sualt	suilt
translative	suaks	suiks
essive	sukanna, sukkaan	sukinna, sukkiin
exessive1)	sukant	sukint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547

suka

1. Rōmaji transcription of すか
2. Rōmaji transcription of スカ

There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).^[1]

suka f (4th declension)

1. brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)

   drēbju, apavu suka ― clothes, shoe brush

   matu suka ― hairbrush

   zobu suka ― toothbrush

   zirgu suka ― horse brush, currycomb

   saru, tērauda suka ― bristle, steel brush

   tīrīt drēbes ar suku ― to clean (one's) clothes with a brush

• zobu suka

• sukāt

• ķemme
• ota
• slota

From Russian сука (suka).

suka f (4th declension)

1. (vulgar) bitch

From Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

• (Baku) IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka]
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): /ˈsukə/ [ˈsu.kə]
• Rhymes: -ka
• Rhymes: -a

suka (Jawi spelling سوک)

1. to like, to love

suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka)

1. happiness, joy

• Indonesian: suka
• → Hokkien: 舒合 (su-kah)
• → Teochew: 舒合 (su¹ gah⁴)

• Edi Sedyawati, Ellya Iswati, Kusparyati Boedhijono, Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994) Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 336
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “سوک soeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 38
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “سوک suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 421
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 495
• "suka" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

• “suka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Compare Sanskrit शुक (śuka).

suka m (feminine sukī)

1. parrot

   Synonyms: kīra, suva

• Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “suka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
• Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 488.

-suka

1. to go away, to leave

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka. Sense 3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: su‧ka

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

1. bitch (female dog)
2. (derogatory, vulgar) bitch
4. (slang) police van
5. (Eastern Kraków) braking wood (piece of wood with a braking groove into which a wheel fits)
6. (Przemyśl, weaving) particular component of a weaving workshop

• → Vilamovian: su̇ka

• suka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• suka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Saloni (1908) “suka”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 341

suka

1. furrow
2. whistle, whistling noise

Not to be confused with suk'a, sukha.

• sukay

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.

• IPA^(key): [ˈsuka]

suka f (declension pattern of žena)

1. bitch

   Synonyms: fena f, fenka f

• sučí
• sučka f

• “suka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-suka (infinitive kusuka)

1. to shake
2. to braid, weave

Conjugation of -suka
Positive present -nasuka Subjunctive -suke Negative -suki Imperative singular suka
Infinitives
Positive kusuka Negative kutosuka
Imperatives
Singular suka Plural sukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual husuka Positive past positive subject concord + -lisuka Negative past negative subject concord + -kusuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasuka) Singular Plural 1st person ninasuka/nasuka tunasuka 2nd person unasuka mnasuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasuka wanasuka other classes positive subject concord + -nasuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -suki) Singular Plural 1st person sisuki hatusuki 2nd person husuki hamsuki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasuki hawasuki other classes negative subject concord + -suki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasuka Negative future negative subject concord + -tasuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -suke) Singular Plural 1st person nisuke tusuke 2nd person usuke msuke 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asuke wasuke other classes positive subject concord + -suke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisuke Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesuka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesuka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisuka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asuka) Singular Plural 1st person nasuka twasuka 2nd person wasuka mwasuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asuka wasuka m-mi(III/IV) wasuka yasuka ji-ma(V/VI) lasuka yasuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasuka vyasuka n(IX/X) yasuka zasuka u(XI) wasuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwasuka pa(XVI) pasuka mu(XVIII) mwasuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesuka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshasuka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasuka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kisuka "If not" positive subject concord + -siposuka Consecutive kasuka / positive subject concord + -kasuka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasuke
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nisuka -tusuka 2nd person -kusuka -wasuka/-kusukeni/-wasukeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msuka -wasuka m-mi(III/IV) -usuka -isuka ji-ma(V/VI) -lisuka -yasuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisuka -visuka n(IX/X) -isuka -zisuka u(XI) -usuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kusuka pa(XVI) -pasuka mu(XVIII) -musuka Reflexive -jisuka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -suka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -sukaye -sukao m-mi(III/IV) -sukao -sukayo ji-ma(V/VI) -sukalo -sukayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sukacho -sukavyo n(IX/X) -sukayo -sukazo u(XI) -sukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -sukako pa(XVI) -sukapo mu(XVIII) -sukamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -suka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yesuka -osuka m-mi(III/IV) -osuka -yosuka ji-ma(V/VI) -losuka -yosuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosuka -vyosuka n(IX/X) -yosuka -zosuka u(XI) -osuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosuka pa(XVI) -posuka mu(XVIII) -mosuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -sukia
  • Conversive: -sukua (“loosen, untwist”)
  • Passive: -sukwa
  • Reduplicative: -sukasuka (“disturb, worry”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • masuko (“shaking, excitement”)
  • msuka (“braider”)
  • msukaji (“braider”)
  • msukosuko (“unrest, turmoil”)
  • msusi (“braider”)

-suka

1. to move away

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• suca — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

From Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsuː.xɐ] (noun)
    • Rhymes: -uka
  • IPA^(key): /suˈka/ [sʊˈxa] (adjective)
    • Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: su‧ka

suka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. vomit

   Synonyms: duwal, lungad, (obsolete) alibukay

2. vomiting; emesis

   Synonyms: duwal, (obsolete) alibukay

• lungad

suká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. wanting to vomit; queasy
2. (figurative) disgusted; repulsed

Ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “tamarind tree; vinegar made by acetous fermentation”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈsuː.xɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -ukaʔ
• Syllabification: su‧ka

sukà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. vinegar
2. (by extension) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.)

• sinigang

• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 156
• Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎^[4] (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 52
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[5] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier

• “suka”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
• “suka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

• kusa

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ka]

suka

1. (transitive) to split
2. (transitive) to crack
3. (transitive) to break

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) +‎ suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ka]

suka

1. (transitive) to like

suka

1. a like, something that is liked

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

suka

1. to leave

From Proto-Finnic *suka.

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈsukɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

suka

1. comb
2. crest (of a horse)

Declension of suka (type V/poikõ, k-g gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	suka	sugad
genitive	suga	sukijõ, sukii
partitive	sukka	sukiitõ, sukii
illative	sukkasõ, sukka	sukiisõ
inessive	sugaz	sukiiz
elative	sugassõ	sukiissõ
allative	sugalõ	sukiilõ
adessive	sugallõ	sukiillõ
ablative	sugaltõ	sukiiltõ
translative	sugassi	sukiissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suka”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Borrowed from English sugar.

• IPA^(key): /su.ka/
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

suka

1. sugar

sukà

1. vinegar

From Malay suka, possibly through Ternate, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

• IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.ka/

suka

1. (transitive) to like
2. (modal, auxiliary) to very much want to (do something)
3. (modal, auxiliary) to like to (do something)

   coba ni suka nidadi puni ― if you would like to become a spirit

As a modal verb, it does not appear to be conjugated.

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[6], Pacific linguistics

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-súka

1. (intransitive) to be lost

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Possibly from Proto-Bantu *-tíga (“to leave behind”) with the separative suffix *-ʊka, however the tonal change is unexplained. (Note that although this verb is a low toned verb, it is sometimes treated as high toned in the imperative form.) This would make the term related to -sala and -shiya.

-suka

1. (intransitive) to go away, to remove oneself
2. (intransitive) to leave, to depart, to set off
3. (intransitive) to originate

• umsuka

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “suka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “suka (3.9)”
• Khumalo, J. (1982). Zulu tonology. African Studies, 41(1), 3–125. doi:10.1080/00020188208707579. eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00020188208707579