Swahili
Etymology
From suhuba (“friendship”) + -ana (reciprocal suffix).
Verb
-suhubiana (infinitive kusuhubiana)
- Reciprocal form of suhuba: to befriend one another
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -suhubiana
|
| Positive present
|
-nasuhubiana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-suhubiane
|
| Negative
|
-suhubiani
|
| Imperative singular
|
suhubiana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
suhubiana
|
| Plural
|
suhubianeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husuhubiana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisuhubiana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusuhubiana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasuhubiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasuhubiana/nasuhubiana
|
tunasuhubiana
|
| 2nd person
|
unasuhubiana
|
mnasuhubiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasuhubiana
|
wanasuhubiana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasuhubiana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -suhubiani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisuhubiani
|
hatusuhubiani
|
| 2nd person
|
husuhubiani
|
hamsuhubiani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasuhubiani
|
hawasuhubiani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -suhubiani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasuhubiana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasuhubiana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -suhubiane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisuhubiane
|
tusuhubiane
|
| 2nd person
|
usuhubiane
|
msuhubiane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asuhubiane
|
wasuhubiane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -suhubiane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisuhubiane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesuhubiana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesuhubiana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisuhubiana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisuhubiana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asuhubiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasuhubiana
|
twasuhubiana
|
| 2nd person
|
wasuhubiana
|
mwasuhubiana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asuhubiana
|
wasuhubiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasuhubiana
|
yasuhubiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasuhubiana
|
yasuhubiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasuhubiana
|
vyasuhubiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasuhubiana
|
zasuhubiana
|
| u(XI)
|
wasuhubiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasuhubiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasuhubiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasuhubiana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesuhubiana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasuhubiana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasuhubiana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisuhubiana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposuhubiana
|
| Consecutive
|
kasuhubiana / positive subject concord + -kasuhubiana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasuhubiane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -suhubiana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-suhubianaye
|
-suhubianao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-suhubianao
|
-suhubianayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-suhubianalo
|
-suhubianayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-suhubianacho
|
-suhubianavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-suhubianayo
|
-suhubianazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-suhubianao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-suhubianako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-suhubianapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-suhubianamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -suhubiana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesuhubiana
|
-osuhubiana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osuhubiana
|
-yosuhubiana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losuhubiana
|
-yosuhubiana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosuhubiana
|
-vyosuhubiana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosuhubiana
|
-zosuhubiana
|
| u(XI)
|
-osuhubiana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosuhubiana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posuhubiana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosuhubiana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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