Swahili
Etymology
From taabu (“hardship, distress, misery, trouble”) + -ika (stative affix).
Verb
-taabika (infinitive kutaabika)
- to struggle, to be in difficulty, to be in a crisis
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -taabika
|
| Positive present
|
-nataabika
|
| Subjunctive
|
-taabike
|
| Negative
|
-taabiki
|
| Imperative singular
|
taabika
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
taabika
|
| Plural
|
taabikeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutaabika
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litaabika
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutaabika
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nataabika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninataabika/nataabika
|
tunataabika
|
| 2nd person
|
unataabika
|
mnataabika
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anataabika
|
wanataabika
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nataabika
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -taabiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitaabiki
|
hatutaabiki
|
| 2nd person
|
hutaabiki
|
hamtaabiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hataabiki
|
hawataabiki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -taabiki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tataabika
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tataabika
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -taabike)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitaabike
|
tutaabike
|
| 2nd person
|
utaabike
|
mtaabike
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ataabike
|
wataabike
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -taabike
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitaabike
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetaabika
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetaabika
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitaabika
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitaabika
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ataabika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nataabika
|
twataabika
|
| 2nd person
|
wataabika
|
mwataabika
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ataabika
|
wataabika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wataabika
|
yataabika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lataabika
|
yataabika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chataabika
|
vyataabika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yataabika
|
zataabika
|
| u(XI)
|
wataabika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwataabika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pataabika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwataabika
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metaabika
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshataabika
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jataabika
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitaabika
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotaabika
|
| Consecutive
|
kataabika / positive subject concord + -kataabika
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kataabike
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitaabika
|
-tutaabika
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutaabika
|
-wataabika/-kutaabikeni/-wataabikeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtaabika
|
-wataabika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utaabika
|
-itaabika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litaabika
|
-yataabika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitaabika
|
-vitaabika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itaabika
|
-zitaabika
|
| u(XI)
|
-utaabika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutaabika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pataabika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutaabika
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitaabika
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -taabika- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-taabikaye
|
-taabikao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-taabikao
|
-taabikayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-taabikalo
|
-taabikayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-taabikacho
|
-taabikavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-taabikayo
|
-taabikazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-taabikao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-taabikako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-taabikapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-taabikamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -taabika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetaabika
|
-otaabika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otaabika
|
-yotaabika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotaabika
|
-yotaabika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotaabika
|
-vyotaabika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotaabika
|
-zotaabika
|
| u(XI)
|
-otaabika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotaabika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potaabika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motaabika
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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