Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].
Verb
-taraja (infinitive kutaraja)
- to hope
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -taraja
|
| Positive present
|
-nataraja
|
| Subjunctive
|
-taraje
|
| Negative
|
-taraji
|
| Imperative singular
|
taraja
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
taraja
|
| Plural
|
tarajeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutaraja
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litaraja
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutaraja
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nataraja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninataraja/nataraja
|
tunataraja
|
| 2nd person
|
unataraja
|
mnataraja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anataraja
|
wanataraja
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nataraja
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -taraji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitaraji
|
hatutaraji
|
| 2nd person
|
hutaraji
|
hamtaraji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hataraji
|
hawataraji
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -taraji
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tataraja
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tataraja
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -taraje)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitaraje
|
tutaraje
|
| 2nd person
|
utaraje
|
mtaraje
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ataraje
|
wataraje
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -taraje
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitaraje
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetaraja
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetaraja
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitaraja
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitaraja
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ataraja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nataraja
|
twataraja
|
| 2nd person
|
wataraja
|
mwataraja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ataraja
|
wataraja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wataraja
|
yataraja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lataraja
|
yataraja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chataraja
|
vyataraja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yataraja
|
zataraja
|
| u(XI)
|
wataraja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwataraja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pataraja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwataraja
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metaraja
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshataraja
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jataraja
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitaraja
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotaraja
|
| Consecutive
|
kataraja / positive subject concord + -kataraja
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kataraje
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitaraja
|
-tutaraja
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutaraja
|
-wataraja/-kutarajeni/-watarajeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtaraja
|
-wataraja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utaraja
|
-itaraja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litaraja
|
-yataraja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitaraja
|
-vitaraja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itaraja
|
-zitaraja
|
| u(XI)
|
-utaraja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutaraja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pataraja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutaraja
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitaraja
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -taraja- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tarajaye
|
-tarajao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tarajao
|
-tarajayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tarajalo
|
-tarajayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tarajacho
|
-tarajavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tarajayo
|
-tarajazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tarajao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tarajako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tarajapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tarajamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -taraja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetaraja
|
-otaraja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otaraja
|
-yotaraja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotaraja
|
-yotaraja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotaraja
|
-vyotaraja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotaraja
|
-zotaraja
|
| u(XI)
|
-otaraja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotaraja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potaraja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motaraja
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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