Estonian
Noun
toana
- essive singular of tuba
Makasar
Pronunciation
Noun
toana (Lontara spelling ᨈᨚᨕᨊ)
- guest
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-toana (infinitive kutoana)
- Reciprocal form of -toa
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -toana
|
| Positive present
|
-natoana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-toane
|
| Negative
|
-toani
|
| Imperative singular
|
toana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kutoana
|
| Negative
|
kutotoana
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
toana
|
| Plural
|
toaneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutoana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litoana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutoana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natoana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatoana/natoana
|
tunatoana
|
| 2nd person
|
unatoana
|
mnatoana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatoana
|
wanatoana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natoana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -toani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitoani
|
hatutoani
|
| 2nd person
|
hutoani
|
hamtoani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatoani
|
hawatoani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -toani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatoana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatoana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitoane
|
tutoane
|
| 2nd person
|
utoane
|
mtoane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoane
|
watoane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -toane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitoane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetoana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetoana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitoana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitoana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atoana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natoana
|
twatoana
|
| 2nd person
|
watoana
|
mwatoana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoana
|
watoana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watoana
|
yatoana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latoana
|
yatoana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatoana
|
vyatoana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatoana
|
zatoana
|
| u(XI)
|
watoana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatoana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patoana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatoana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metoana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatoana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatoana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitoana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotoana
|
| Consecutive
|
katoana / positive subject concord + -katoana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katoane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -toana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-toanaye
|
-toanao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-toanao
|
-toanayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-toanalo
|
-toanayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-toanacho
|
-toanavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-toanayo
|
-toanazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-toanao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-toanako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-toanapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-toanamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -toana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetoana
|
-otoana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otoana
|
-yotoana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotoana
|
-yotoana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotoana
|
-vyotoana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotoana
|
-zotoana
|
| u(XI)
|
-otoana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotoana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potoana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motoana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms