Swahili
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-toboa (infinitive kutoboa)
- to drill, puncture, bore
- to reveal
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -toboa
|
| Positive present
|
-natoboa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-toboe
|
| Negative
|
-toboi
|
| Imperative singular
|
toboa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kutoboa
|
| Negative
|
kutotoboa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
toboa
|
| Plural
|
toboeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutoboa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litoboa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutoboa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natoboa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatoboa/natoboa
|
tunatoboa
|
| 2nd person
|
unatoboa
|
mnatoboa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatoboa
|
wanatoboa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natoboa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -toboi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitoboi
|
hatutoboi
|
| 2nd person
|
hutoboi
|
hamtoboi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatoboi
|
hawatoboi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -toboi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatoboa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatoboa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toboe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitoboe
|
tutoboe
|
| 2nd person
|
utoboe
|
mtoboe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoboe
|
watoboe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -toboe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitoboe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetoboa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetoboa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitoboa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitoboa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atoboa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natoboa
|
twatoboa
|
| 2nd person
|
watoboa
|
mwatoboa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoboa
|
watoboa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watoboa
|
yatoboa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latoboa
|
yatoboa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatoboa
|
vyatoboa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatoboa
|
zatoboa
|
| u(XI)
|
watoboa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatoboa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patoboa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatoboa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metoboa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatoboa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatoboa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitoboa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotoboa
|
| Consecutive
|
katoboa / positive subject concord + -katoboa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katoboe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitoboa
|
-tutoboa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutoboa
|
-watoboa/-kutoboeni/-watoboeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtoboa
|
-watoboa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utoboa
|
-itoboa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litoboa
|
-yatoboa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitoboa
|
-vitoboa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itoboa
|
-zitoboa
|
| u(XI)
|
-utoboa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutoboa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patoboa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutoboa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitoboa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -toboa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-toboaye
|
-toboao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-toboao
|
-toboayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-toboalo
|
-toboayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-toboacho
|
-toboavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-toboayo
|
-toboazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-toboao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-toboako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-toboapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-toboamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -toboa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetoboa
|
-otoboa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otoboa
|
-yotoboa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotoboa
|
-yotoboa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotoboa
|
-vyotoboa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotoboa
|
-zotoboa
|
| u(XI)
|
-otoboa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotoboa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potoboa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motoboa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Stative: -toboka (“to have a hole”)